Activity

ins and V.exp were 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.97, p<0.001) and 0.88 (95% CI 0.78-0.94, p<0.001), respectively. The correlation coefficient between V.ins and FVC was 0.86 (95% CI 0.79-0.90, p<0.001). A multilinear model for predicting FVC was developed using V.ins, V.exp, age, sex, and body mass index as predictor variables, wherein the adjusted coefficient of determination was 0.814.

Lung volumes measured by DCR correlated with the lung function of ILD patients. Prediction models with high predictive power and internal validity were developed, suggesting that DCR can predict FVC and other PFT parameters of ILD patients.

Lung volumes measured by DCR correlated with the lung function of ILD patients. Prediction models with high predictive power and internal validity were developed, suggesting that DCR can predict FVC and other PFT parameters of ILD patients.The effect of nitrogen and phosphorous addition on hydrogen production from hydrolyzed Sugar beet pulp (SBP) was investigated using (NH4)3PO4, NH4Cl and K3PO4 as the supplements. In batch tests, the maximal hydrogen production of 279 dm3/kgVS was observed for K3PO4, which was added to SBP in a dose of 1 g/dm3. In semi-continuous experiments, the greatest hydrogen production of 36 dm3/kgVS was reported for the same supplement, and this value was twice higher than that of the control run. The analysis of microbiota revealed that the majority of bacteria was affiliated to the orders Clostridiales, Lactobacillales and Coriobacteriales. Moreover, a noticeable methane production was associated with the activity of Methanosphaera sp., which could grow in a low pH environment of dark fermentation.Transgene expression in microalgae can be hampered by transgene silencing and unstable expression due to position effects. To overcome this, “safe harboring” transgene expression system was established for Nannochloropsis. Initially, transformants were obtained expressing a sfGFP reporter, followed by screening for high expression of sfGFP with fluorescence-activated cell sorter (FACS). ‘T1’ transcriptional hotspot was identified from a mutant showing best expression of sfGFP, but did not affect growth or lipid contents. By using a Cas9 editor strain, FAD12 gene, encoding Δ12-fatty acid desaturase (FAD12), was successfully knocked-in at the T1 locus, resulting in significantly higher expression of FAD12 than those of random integration. Importantly, the “safe harbored” FAD12 transformants showed four-fold higher production of linoleic acid (LA), the product of FAD12, leading to 1.5-fold increase in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). This safe harboring principle provide excellent proof of the concept for successful genetic/metabolic engineering of microalgae and other organisms.The inherent resistance of lignocellulosic biomass makes it impervious for industrially important enzymes such as cellulases to hydrolyze cellulose. Further, the competitive absorption behavior of lignin and hemicellulose for cellulases, due to their electron-rich surfaces augments the inappropriate utilization of these enzymes. Hence, modification of the surface charge of the cellulases to reduce its non-specific binding to lignin and enhance its affinity for cellulose is an urgent necessity. Further, maintaining the stability of cellulases by the preservation of their secondary structures using immobilization techniques will also play an integral role in its industrial production. In silico approaches for increasing the catalytic activity of cellulase enzymes is also significant along with a range of substrate specificity. In addition, enhanced productivity of cellulases by tailoring the related genes through the process of genetic engineering and higher cellulase recovery after saccharification seems to be promising areas for efficient and large-scale enzyme production concepts.Haematococcus pluvialis has attracted interest as a bio-platform for producing omega-3 fatty acids (ω-3 FA) and astaxanthin that have a great potential as anti-inflammatory drugs. This study aimed to concurrently enhance the CO2 fixation and the productivities of ω-3 FA and astaxanthin, which have been difficult to achieve because of the dissimilar culture methods for each goal, via calcium-mediated homeoviscous adaptation and biomineralization. As a result of 3 mM of Ca2+ addition, ω-3 FA content was improved by 31% due to Ca2+-induced homeoviscous adaptation. Biomineralization was promoted by the extracellular carbonic anhydrase, which resulted in 46.3% improvement in CO2 fixation. CaCO3 from the biomineralization was beneficially re-used in the H. pluvialis culture and triggered 178- and 522-fold increased biomass productivity and astaxanthin content, respectively, thanks to its anisotropic nature. The Ca2+-based productivity enhancement strategy was applied to large-scale culture which resulted improvement in overall bioprocess performance.Composting is an environmentally friendly and sustainable way to transform Green waste (GW) into a useful product. GW, however, contains substantial quantities of lignocelluloses that extend the composting period unless substances that accelerate composting are added. The objective of this research was to assess the influence of the following additives on GW composting (w/w dry matter contents of the additives were indicated) sugarcane bagasse at 15%; bean dregs at 35%; silage at 45%; flue gas desulfurization gypsum at 5%; maifanite at 4%; and furfural residue at 20%. Based on the composting temperature, compost density, porosity, particle-size distribution, water retention, pH, cation exchange capacity, available nutrient contents, humification coefficient, organic matter loss, microbial populations, and phytotoxicity, the best additives were 45% silage and 5% flue gas desulfurization gypsum. The latter two additives produced a high-quality product in only 35 and 37 days, respectively.Cupriavidus necator, a versatile microorganism found in both soil and water, can have both heterotrophic and lithoautotrophic metabolisms depending on environmental conditions. C. necator has been extensively examined for producing Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), the promising polyester alternatives to petroleum-based synthetic polymers because it has a superior ability for accumulating a considerable amount of PHAs from renewable resources. The development of metabolically engineered C. necator strains has led to their application for synthesizing biopolymers, biofuels and biochemicals such as ethanol, isobutanol and higher alcohols. Bio-based processes of recombinant C. necator have made much progress in production of these high-value products from biomass wastes, plastic wastes and even waste gases. In this review, we discuss the potential of C. necator as promising platform host strains that provide a great opportunity for developing a waste-based circular bioeconomy.The limitation of low efficiency and complicated separation after adsorption make the practical application of biochar a huge challenge. Here, one pomelo peel-derived magnetic biochar composite, biochar supported MgFe2O4 (BMF) was fabricated and adopted for Levofloxacin (LFX) adsorption. Adsorption behaviors and mechanisms were investigated by characterization analysis, batch experiments, and data modeling. Results indicated that adsorption could be strikingly influenced by pyrolysis temperature. Adsorption kinetic was well fitted by pseudo-second-order model. Adsorption isotherm was best fitted with Freundlich model. AZD7648 The maximum adsorption capacity was 115 mg g-1. Moreover, hydrophobic effect played a limited contribution according to dual-mode model analysis. LFX adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. Adsorption mechanisms were ascribed to electrostatic interactions, H-bonding, functional groups complexation, and π-π electron donor-acceptor interactions. Besides that, BMF had the potential for repeated use. This research proposed a novel and promising method for LFX or other antibiotics adsorption removal.Inhibitors of the shikimate pathway are widely used as herbicides, antibiotics, and anti-infectious drugs. However, the regulation of the shikimic pathway is complex, and little is known about the feedback regulation of the shikimate dehydrogenase (SDH, EC 1.1.1.25) in plants. Thus, the aim of this study was to elucidate the kinetic mechanism of SDH purified from the root of Petroselinum crispum (parsley), to determine all possible reaction products and to identify phenylpropanoid compounds that affect its activity. Our results showed that the bisubstrate reaction catalyzed by P. crispum SDH follows a sequential ordered mechanism, except for three dead-end complexes. The main and lateral reactions of SDH were monitored by mass spectrometry, thereby detecting protocatechuic acid as a byproduct. Gallic acid was formed non-enzymatically, whereas quinate was not detected. Several polyphenolic compounds inhibited SDH activity, especially tannic, caffeic and chlorogenic acids, with IC50 0.014 mM, 0.15 mM, and 0.19 mM, respectively. The number of hydroxyl groups influenced their inhibition effect on SDH, and p-coumaric, t-ferulic, sinapic, syringic and salicylic acids were less effective SDH inhibitors. Nevertheless, one branch of the phenylpropanoid pathway may affect SDH activity through feedback regulation.α-Pinene represents a member of the monoterpene class and is highly distributed in higher plants like conifers, Juniper ssp. and Cannabis ssp. α-Pinene has been used to treat respiratory tract infections for centuries. Furthermore, it plays a crucial role in the fragrance and flavor industry. In vitro assays have shown an enantioselective profile of (+)- and (-)-α-pinene for antibacterial and insecticidal activity, respectively. Recent research has used pre-validated biological structures to synthesize new chemical entities with pharmacological and herbicidal activities. In summary, this review focuses on recent literature covering synthetic pathways of flavor compounds and scaffold hopping based on the α-pinene core domaine, as well as the (enantioselective) activities of α-pinene. Recent approaches for authenticity control of essential oils based on their enantiomeric profile are also presented.Fresh leafy (FL) and ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetables are recognized as an important source of foodborne disease outbreaks worldwide. Currently, there are no data available for the prevalnce of bacterial foodborne pathogens (FBPs) in raw vegetables consumed in Iran. Here, we evalated the presence of common bacterial FBPs among 366 samples of raw vegetables including 274 FL and 92 RTE collected from 21 districts of Tehran. The presence of FBPs were screened using conventional microbiological culture methods and real-time PCR assays. Overall, a higher rate of bacterial contamination was detected in FL compared to RTE samples using both detection methods. The results obtained by microbiological methods showed that Staphylococcus aureus (134/366, 36.6%), followed by Escherichia coli (85/366, 23.2%) and Clostridium perfringens (66/366, 18%) were detetcted as the most prevalent pathogens in this study. Vibrio cholerae was not detected in any of the samples either by microbiological methods or by the real-time PCR assays.