Activity

During inflammation, leukocyte recruitment has to be tightly controlled to prevent overwhelming leukocyte infiltration, activation, and, consequently, organ damage. R-848 mw A central regulator of leukocyte recruitment is Rac1. In this study, we analyzed the effects of the RacGAP ArhGAP15 on leukocyte recruitment. Using ArhGAP15-deficient mice, reduced neutrophil adhesion and transmigration in the TNF-α-inflamed cremaster muscle and a prolongation of chemokine-dependent leukocyte adhesion could be observed. In a murine model of sterile kidney injury, reduced neutrophil infiltration, and serum creatinine levels were apparent. Further in vitro and in vivo analyses revealed a defective intravascular crawling capacity, resulting from increased affinity of the β2-integrin Mac-1 after prolonged chemokine stimulation of neutrophils. LFA-1 activity regulation was not affected. Summarizing, ArhGAP15 specifically regulates Mac-1, but not LFA-1, and affects leukocyte recruitment by controlling postadhesion strengthening and intravascular crawling in a Mac-1-dependent manner. In conclusion, ArhGAP15 is involved in the time-dependent regulation of leukocyte postadhesion in sterile inflammation.Staphylococcus argenteus was subdivided as a novel species from Staphylococcus aureus in 2014. We herein report a case of mycotic aneurysm caused by S. argenteus. A 59-year-old woman with diabetes and schizophrenia visited at the emergency room because of falling. Chest computed tomography revealed a left humerus fracture and a thoracic aortic aneurysm. With her elevated WBC count and CRP level, she was suspected to have a mycotic aneurysm. After being transferred to our hospital, vascular graft replacement surgery was performed. Isolates of blood cultures and surgical specimens were identified as S. argenteus by Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MAS MALDI Biotyper Ver. 8.0). Although S. argenteus lacks staphyloxanthin, a carotenoid pigment, it is coagulase positive. In addition to traditional and automated biochemical identification systems, even MALDI-TOF MAS may misidentify the organism as S. aureus depending on its version. S. argenteus should be considered when coagulase-negative Staphylococcus like colonies are obtained from samples of S. aureus infection. To our knowledge, this is the first case of aortic mycotic aneurysm caused by S. argenteus in Japan. Although S. argenteus is considered less virulent than Staphylococcus aureus, we should closely monitor the prevalence and the clinical impact of this pathogen on community-acquired infections and health care-associated infections.

While several reviews have assessed economic evaluations of physical activity in public health and, in most cases, found the interventions to be cost-effective, the validity of the conclusions reached depends on the appropriateness of the modelling methods used in the individual studies.

To provide an overview and critique of modelling approaches and key structural assumptions used in applied studies to estimate the impact of physical activity on population health.

Electronic databases were systematically searched for relevant model-based economic evaluations. A thematic approach was used to assess the modelling studies. The critique determined the appropriateness of the modelling frameworks and plausibility of key structural assumptions.

Twenty-five models were identified. Cohort models were most frequently used. High variability in the modelling of downstream diseases was found across studies analysing similar populations. Structural assumptions regarding the dynamics of change of physical activity were unrealistic in most cases. Heterogeneity was addressed in only a few studies, while health equity concerns were, at best, acknowledged by authors.

This literature is predominantly characterised by modelling approaches that may not adequately address the complexities associated with representing the physical activity behaviour- population health process. A consensus on how to model the impact of physical activity on public health and development of a reference model could help reduce these sources of uncertainty.

This literature is predominantly characterised by modelling approaches that may not adequately address the complexities associated with representing the physical activity behaviour- population health process. A consensus on how to model the impact of physical activity on public health and development of a reference model could help reduce these sources of uncertainty.With growing strain on mental health services, greenspace interventions could be a promising addition to current health and social care provisions as they have the potential to be widely accessible for people within their own communities and used alongside a variety of treatment plans. Despite promising progress in greenspace research, the underlying mechanisms and processes of greenspace interventions are still unclear. Without knowing these it is impossible to understand why programmes work and how best to replicate them. To address this gap this review uses realist methodology to synthesise the international evidence for greenspace interventions for mental health in both clinical and non-clinical populations. Forty-nine full text articles are included in the review and the underlying contexts, mechanisms, and outcomes of the interventions identified and refined into an original overriding theory under three themes of Nature, Individual Self, and Social Self. The interaction of these three factors represents a new conceptual framework for greenspace interventions for mental health and shows what works, for whom, and in what circumstances. The findings of this review are not only theoretically novel but they also have practical relevance for those designing such interventions including the provision of recommendations on how to optimise, tailor and implement existing interventions.

This study translated the International Positive and Negative Affect Schedule Short Form (I-PANAS-SF) into Chinese and examined its factor structure and measurement invariance in Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong.

A sample of 4136 Chinese adolescents in Hong Kong was invited to complete a set of questionnaires. The factor structure of the I-PANA-SF was examined using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and exploratory structural equational modeling (ESEM). Internal consistency reliability was evaluated using Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and nomological validity was assessed using bivariate correlations between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA) subscales with effort, worry and lack of concentration. Finally, measurement invariance across genders and grades was examined to evaluate the invariance of the I-PANAS-SF.

Factor structure analysis suggested that the ESEM model outperformed the CFA model. The results of ESEM analysis indicated that one item (“alert”) was problematic and a 9-item two-factor measurement model with that item removed was a better fit for the data.