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Achaiah NC, Subbarajasetty SB, Shetty RM. R

and R

of COVID-19 Can We Predict When the Pandemic Outbreak will be Contained? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1125-1127.

Achaiah NC, Subbarajasetty SB, Shetty RM. R0 and Re of COVID-19 Can We Predict When the Pandemic Outbreak will be Contained? Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1125-1127.Understanding the concepts of disinfection, sterilization, cleaning and asepsis is of prime importance to prevent transmission of infection to patients and to protect healthcare workers (HCWs). Proper disinfection of surfaces after cleaning, an important consideration at all times, has assumed special significance during the current pandemic. The global shortage of disposable equipment such as personal protective equipment (PPE), specifically N95 masks and surgical 3 ply masks, and other items makes the HCWs vulnerable to transmission of infection while caring for these patients. Therefore, resterilization of such items has assumed equal importance. Cleaning, the first step in the process of sterilization, is of vital importance to reduce bioburden. The type of disinfection required depends on the nature of the equipment and its intended use. For example, critical items need high-level decontamination. In this narrative review, we elaborate on the methods of decontamination and sterilization. Many chemicals can be used for both sterilization and disinfection, and the difference lies in the concentration of the chemical and exposure time. We have also summarized strategies which can be used for resterilization of single-use items, in view of the shortages caused by the current pandemic.

Kothekar AT, Kulkarni AP. Basic Principles of Disinfection and Sterilization in Intensive Care and Anesthesia and Their Applications during COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1114-1124.

Kothekar AT, Kulkarni AP. Basic Principles of Disinfection and Sterilization in Intensive Care and Anesthesia and Their Applications during COVID-19 Pandemic. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1114-1124.

The present study systematically searched important medical databases, assessed the quality of available pieces of evidence, and performed a meta-analysis to test the efficacy of different therapeutic options currently available for treating COVID-19.

PubMed, CNKI, LILACS, Koreamed, WHO clinical trial registry, and medRxiv were searched since December 2019. Any observational or controlled study that tested the efficacy of any pharmacological intervention in COVID-19 patients either prospectively or retrospectively was included in the qualitative analysis. We assessed outcomes as dichotomous variables, i.e., a patient having a positive clinical outcome. Relative risks/risk ratios (RR) having a 95% confidence interval (CI) were derived. Studies conforming to inclusion criteria were pooled using the random-effect model.

Nine trials on hydroxychloroquine (HCQ), six studies on antiviral, four studies on monoclonal antibodies, two on corticosteroids, two on convalescent plasma (CP), and one on interferon-α2b as SK, Haldar R, Sarkar H, Tewari R, Ray S. Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of the Existing Repurposed Pharmacological Agents for Treating COVID-19 A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1106-1113.

Choupoo NS, Das SK, Haldar R, Sarkar H, Tewari R, Ray S. this website Evaluating the Efficacy and Safety of the Existing Repurposed Pharmacological Agents for Treating COVID-19 A Meta-analysis and Systematic Review of Clinical Trials. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1106-1113.

The impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) lockdown on cardiac emergency admissions to hospitals has been reported previously. We aimed to study the emergency room (ER) admissions to cardiac intensive care unit (CICU) at a tertiary care center during that period and compare this with admissions during the same time frame in the previous years.

This is a retrospective observational study of patients admitted to the CICU during the pandemic period from March 22 to August 1 (inclusive) of 2020 and compared this with CICU admissions in the same time frame in the previous 2 years (2018 and 2019).

During the study period in 2020, a total of 216 patients (age 59 ± 14 years) were admitted via ER, which is a 33% and 30% decline in admissions compared to 2019 (

= 322, age 63 ± 12 years) and 2018 (

= 307, age 62 ± 13), respectively. The decline in admissions with the primary diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS), acute decompensated heart failure, arrhythmia, and other diagnoses during the study pehospital early, and give reassurance with the best practices adopted in hospitals to avoid contracting the virus from the hospital environment.

Yalamanchi R, Dasari BC, Narra L, Oomman A, Kumar P, Nayak R,

Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admissions during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Single Center Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1103-1105.

Yalamanchi R, Dasari BC, Narra L, Oomman A, Kumar P, Nayak R, et al. Cardiac Intensive Care Unit Admissions during COVID-19 Pandemic-A Single Center Experience. Indian J Crit Care Med 2020;24(11)1103-1105.

To determine the performance of each of the available pediatric index of mortality (PIM) scores, by assessing the capability for discrimination and calibration in patients admitted to a pediatric intensive care unit in Bogotá.

We designed a retrospective, observational cohort study, which included all patients aged between a month and 17 years and 364 days, admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit of a high complexity university hospital between April 1, 2016 and December 31, 2018. We analyzed the standardized mortality ratio, discrimination, calibration, and net reclassification index (NRI) for each model.

A total of 722 patients were included, the mortality rate was 3.74%, and for PIM-3, the ratio between expected and observed mortality was 0.66 [confidence interval (CI) 0.40-1.05] for PIM-2 and 1.00 (CI 0.59-1.68) for PIM-3. The Hosmer-Lemeshow (HL) test suggests inadequate calibration for PIM-2 (HL = 13.18,

= 0.11) and adequate calibration for PIM-3 (HL = 28.08,

< 0.01). The area under the diagnostic performance curves for PIM-2 and PIM-3 were 0.