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Thereafter, the secretory vesicles gradually increase in size by vesicular fusion, forming larger secretory granules containing specific proteins. It was found that these granules eventually migrate to the apical membrane and are exocytosed into the lumen by a mechanism of merocrine secretion.Bariatric surgery is the most effective treatment for severe obesity; however, a subset of patients experience suboptimal outcomes. Psychosocial interventions that address eating pathology may ameliorate negative consequences, although their efficacy has not been examined. Thus, a systematic review to evaluate the impact of psychosocial randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on eating pathology in adults pre and post-bariatric surgery was conducted. Six scientific databases were searched for psychosocial trials assessing eating pathology as an outcome. Ten RCTs representing seven distinct interventions were identified (i.e., four preoperative and six postoperative). Trials utilized cognitive-behavioral therapy, mindfulness-based approaches, acceptance-based treatment, motivational interviewing, and psychoeducational interventions. Canagliflozin Findings provide initial support for reducing eating pathology pre and postoperatively in the short-term (i.e., 6 months); however, the small number of RCTs and heterogeneity among postoperative trials made it difficult to draw conclusions. Additional longitudinal studies are needed to determine the long-term impact of psychosocial interventions that address eating pathology in bariatric surgery patients endorsing significant eating pathology.

NAFLD is increasing in Asia including Japan, despite its lower obesity rate than the West. However, NAFLD can occur in lean people, but data are limited. We aimed to investigate the epidemiology of NAFLD in Japan with a focus on lean NAFLD.

We searched PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Web of Science, and the Japan Medical Abstracts Society (inception to 5/15/2019) and included 73 eligible full-text original research studies (n = 258,531). We used random-effects model for pooled estimates, Bayesian modeling for trend and forecasting, contacted authors for individual patient data and analyzed 14,887 (7752 NAFLD; 7135 non-NAFLD-8 studies) patients.

The overall NAFLD prevalence was 25.5%, higher in males (p < 0.001), varied by regions (p < 0.001), and increased over time (p = 0.015), but not by per-person income or gross prefectural productivity, which increased by 0.64% per year (1983-2012) and is forecasted to reach 39.3% in 2030 and 44.8% in 2040. The incidence of NAFLD, HCC, and overall mortality were 23.5, 7.6 and 5.9 per 1000 person-years, respectively. Individual patient-level data showed a lean NAFLD prevalence of 20.7% among the NAFLD population, with lean NAFLD persons being older and with a higher all-cause mortality rate (8.3 vs. 5.6 per 1000 person-years for non-lean NAFLD, p = 0.02). Older age, male sex, diabetes, and FIB-4 were independent predictors of mortality, but not lean NAFLD.

NAFLD prevalence has increased in Japan and may affect half of the population by 2040. Lean NAFLD individuals makeup 20% of the NAFLD population, were older, and had higher mortality.

NAFLD prevalence has increased in Japan and may affect half of the population by 2040. Lean NAFLD individuals makeup 20% of the NAFLD population, were older, and had higher mortality.

Esophageal cancer typically has a poor prognosis. While neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) is reported to be effective for esophageal cancer patients, the prognosis of patients for whom NAC is ineffective remains poor.

In total, 113 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma who were treated between January 2006 and December 2015 were enrolled. These patients received NAC followed by radical surgery and had three or more pathologic positive lymph nodes. The effectiveness and feasibility of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) were evaluated.

Forty patients received AC (AC(+) group) and 73 patients did not (AC(-) group). Two-year relapse-free survival (RFS) rates of the AC(+) and AC(-) groups were 30.0% and 28.8%, respectively (p = 0.47). These patients were further divided into two subgroups, i.e., those with 3-6 positive lymph nodes (3-6 subgroup) and those with ≥ 7 positive lymph nodes (≥ 7 subgroup). Within the 3-6 subgroup (72 patients), 2-year RFS rates of the AC(+) and AC(-) groups were 38.5% and 33.9%, respectively (p = 0.31). Within the ≥ 7 subgroup (41 patients), 2-year RFS rates of the AC(+) and AC(-) groups were 25.9% and 7.1%, respectively (p = 0.04).

AC may offer a significant additional benefit to the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients who have many positive lymph nodes even after NAC.

AC may offer a significant additional benefit to the prognosis of esophageal cancer patients who have many positive lymph nodes even after NAC.Transition metal dichalcogenides (TMD), which is composed of a transition metal atom and chalcogen ion atoms, usually form vacancies based on the knock-on threshold of each atom. In particular, when electron beam is irradiated on a monolayer TMD such as MoS2 and WS2, S vacancies are formed preferentially, and they are aligned linearly to constitute line defects. And then, a hole is formed at the point where the successively formed line defects collide, and metal clusters are also formed at the edge of the hole. This study reports a process in which the line defects formed in a monolayer WS2 sheet expends into holes. Here, the process in which the W cluster, which always occurs at the edge of the formed hole, goes through a uniform intermediate phase is explained based on the line defects and the formation behavior of the hole. Further investigation confirms the atomic structure of the intermediate phase using annular dark field scanning transition electron microscopy (ADF-STEM) and image simulation.

Fall from a height is high energy trauma. The causes include both accidental falls and suicide attempts. The literature and also our previous study demonstrated that this kind of patients, during their recovery time, need a high multidisciplinary workload with significant costs. The present study is the first researching the patterns of the non-acute orthopedic complications after a trauma precipitation that required a new hospitalization and surgical procedure.

Retrospective study and analysis of orthopedic complication characteristics of patients fallen from height. We researched the possible relation between the complication pattern (soft tissue or bone involvement) and the case character (psychiatric or non-psychiatric patients, type of fracture and kind of fixation).

The 18.83% of all patients (154 cases included) needed a new admission to perform further surgical procedures (9.74% of psychiatric patients and 9.09% of unvoluntary victims). Our data showed that patients with psychiatric disorder were associated with a statistically significant (p < 0.