Activity

e suicidality.

Individuals born preterm have increased risk of mental health impairment compared with individuals born at term. The associations between preterm birth and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and autism are well established; for depression, anxiety, psychotic and bipolar disorder, studies show divergent results.

To compare the prescription of psychotropic drugs in adolescence and young adulthood between those born preterm and those born at term.

This cohort study used registry data to identify all Norwegians born after 23 weeks of completed gestation between 1989 and 1998. Included individuals were those without registered birth defects, alive at age 10 years, and with available maternal data. Individuals were followed up from 2004 to 2016. Psychotropic drug prescriptions received from age 10 to 23 years were compared between preterm groups and peers born at term. Individuals were compared with their siblings to control for shared family confounding. Data analyses were performed from August 2018 thresults provide further evidence for an increased risk of mental health impairment among individuals born preterm and suggest that this is not restricted to the most preterm groups.

This cohort study found higher rates of prescription of psychotropic drugs throughout adolescence and young adulthood among individuals with all degrees of preterm birth compared with those born at term. These results provide further evidence for an increased risk of mental health impairment among individuals born preterm and suggest that this is not restricted to the most preterm groups.

Obesity is associated with a number of noncommunicable chronic diseases and is purported to cause premature death.

To summarize evidence on the temporality of the association between higher body mass index (BMI) and 2 potential mediators chronic inflammation and hyperinsulinemia.

MEDLINE (1946 to August 20, 2019) and Embase (from 1974 to August 19, 2019) were searched, although only studies published in 2018 were included because of a high volume of results. The data analysis was conducted between January 2020 and October 2020.

Longitudinal studies and randomized clinical trials that measured fasting insulin level and/or an inflammation marker and BMI with at least 3 commensurate time points were selected.

Slopes of these markers were calculated between time points and standardized. Standardized slopes were meta-regressed in later periods (period 2) with standardized slopes in earlier periods (period 1). Evidence-based items potentially indicating risk of bias were assessed.

Of 1865 records, 60 ely causes noncommunicable chronic diseases and premature death by increasing levels of fasting insulin.

In this meta-analysis, the finding of temporal sequencing (in which changes in fasting insulin level precede changes in weight) is not consistent with the assertion that obesity causes noncommunicable chronic diseases and premature death by increasing levels of fasting insulin.

Major depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are common and debilitating. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation is well established in the treatment of major depressive disorder, and the intermittent theta burst stimulation (iTBS) protocol is replacing conventional protocols because of noninferiority and reduced delivery time. KU-0060648 mw However, iTBS has not been adequately studied in bipolar disorder and, therefore, its efficacy is uncertain.

To determine whether iTBS to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (LDLPFC) is safe and efficacious in the treatment of acute bipolar depression.

This study was a double-blind, 4-week, randomized clinical trial of iTBS targeting the LDLPFC. Two Canadian academic centers recruited patients between 2016 and 2020. Adults with bipolar disorder type I or type II experiencing an acute major depressive episode were eligible if they had not benefited from a first-line treatment for acute bipolar depression recommended by the Canadian Network for Mood and Anxiety Treatmentleast squares mean difference between groups, -1.36 [95% CI, -8.92 to 6.19; P = .91] in favor of sham iTBS), and rates of clinical response were low in both the double-blind phase (3 of 19 participants [15.8%] in the sham iTBS group and 3 of 18 participants [16.7%] in the active iTBS group) and open-label phase (5 of 21 participants [23.8%]). One active iTBS participant had a treatment emergent hypomania, and a second episode occurred during open-label treatment.

iTBS targeting the LDLPFC is not efficacious in the treatment of acute bipolar depression in patients receiving antimanic or mood stabilizing agents. Additional research is required to understand how transcranial magnetic stimulation treatment protocols differ in efficacy between unipolar and bipolar depression.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02749006.

ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT02749006.The role of the PYHIN family member absent in melanoma 2 (AIM2), another important inflammasome sensor, in EAE remains unclear. In this study, we found that AIM2 negatively regulates the pathogenesis of EAE independent of inflammasome activation. AIM2 deficiency enhanced microglia activation and infiltration of peripheral immune cells into the CNS, thereby promoting neuroinflammation and demyelination during EAE. Mechanistically, AIM2 negatively regulates the DNA-PK-AKT3 in microglia to control neuroinflammation synergistically induced by cGAS and DNA-PK. Administration of a DNA-PK inhibitor reduced the severity of the EAE. Collectively, these findings identify a new role for AIM2 in controlling the onset of EAE. Furthermore, delineation of the underlying inflammasome-independent mechanism highlights cGAS and DNA-PK signaling as potential targets for the treatment of heterogeneous MS.Schizophrenia is associated with marked impairments in social cognition. However, the neural correlates of these deficits remain unclear. Here we use naturalistic stimuli to examine the role of the right temporoparietal junction/posterior superior temporal sulcus (TPJ-pSTS)-an integrative hub for the cortical networks pertinent to the understanding complex social situations-in social inference, a key component of social cognition, in schizophrenia. 27 schizophrenia participants (SzP) and 21 healthy controls watched a clip of the movie “The Good, the Bad, and the Ugly” while high resolution multiband fMRI images were collected. We used inter-subject correlation (ISC) to measure the evoked activity, which we then compared to social cognition as measured by The Awareness of Social Inference Test (TASIT). We also compared between groups the TPJ-pSTS BOLD activity 1) relationship with the motion content in the movie, 2) synchronization with other cortical areas involved in the viewing of the movie, and 3) relationship with the frequency of saccades made during the movie.