Activity

Conclusions The study suggested the new chronological boundaries in the scientific and educational heritage of N.I. Pirogov. The developed periodization accurately reflects the beginning of his scientific and pedagogical path in medical education, specifically refers to the period of his work in Germany as a supervisor of professorial candidates from 1862 to 1866, and the period of his participation in Sevastopol (Crimean) campaign and in the Franco-Prussian War, which was very important for the development of military field surgery.

Introduction A rapid development of biomedicine, genetics, pharmacology, transplantation and biotechnology has posed a number of problems to humanity, in particular, with regard to human rights protection in healthcare. These problems solution requires considering the achievements and propositions of biology, medicine, ethics and law. International legal standards in the field of bioethics are of significance in development of national states regulations on bioethics and biotic legislation. Aim To investigate the impact of international legal instruments in the field of bioethics on protection of human rights.

Materials and methods In the research the international legal instruments and documents in the field of healthcare and bioethics were used. Civilizational, axiological, dialectical, systemic and comparative legal methods as well as systematization, analysis and synthesis were decisive in the research process.

Conclusions Legal instruments in the field of biomedical technologies (directives and reg in biotechnology are resolved through establishment and involvement of national supervision bodies councils (commissions, committees) in bioethics as well as courts. An important role in protection of human rights in the field of biotechnology is played by the ECHR the decisions of which are dynamic, based on the Convention and consideration of national legislations. At the same time, a number of problems remain unresolved because of constant development of biomedical technologies, necessity to take into account the latest achievements and discoveries as well as all types and methods of applying of genetic engineering to humans. In general, insufficient attention is paid to the problems of medical biotechnologies application both at the international and national levels.

The aimThe article describes and summarizes the immunological pathomechanisms controlling the development of non-necrotizing granulomas in the course of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) in lungs and intestines; it also reviews the possible clinical correlations between the processes in the gastrointestinal and respiratory tracts based on the example of Crohn’s disease (CD) and non-specific inflammatory bowel disease (IBC). While the dominant cell subpopulation in ulcerative colitis (UC) is Th2, which produces interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, IL-10 and IL-13 and Th17 cells; CD characterized by the Th1 cell subpopulation and macrophages predominate, producing IL-23. selleck compound These are considered to be the key factors crucial for the occurrence of chronic inflammation. Another important causative factor of non-specific inflammatory bowel diseases and granulation is the expression of CD40/CD40L proteins on activated T-cells, i.e. type 2 transmembrane proteins similar to TNF-alpha. However, the interactions btonin, vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP), neuropeptide Y (NPY), substance P, somatostatin or ghrelin.

The aim The aim of the study is to examine the blockchain technology in the field of healthcare, to analyze the principles of the European Convention on Human Rights regarding respect for private and family life, home and correspondence, to analyze the key positions of the European Court of Human Rights (hereinafter – ECHR) in the field of human rights to privacy, to analyze the European Union (hereinafter – EU) secondary legislation regarding the supply of medicines, prospects for the blockchain usage in order to protect human rights to privacy and improve the quality of medicines.

Materials and methodsScientific works that are devoted to the outspread of digital technologies in healthcare, the provisions of the European Convention on Human Rights, the ECHR’s practice on the protection of human rights to privacy, the provisions of the EU secondary legislation that regulate the supply of medicines are studied. The methodology of this article is based on comparative and legal analysis techniques and includes system-structural method, method of generalization, method of analysis and synthesis as well.

ConclusionsThe blockchain technology in medicine and pharmacology will increase the level of protection of human rights to healthcare quality.

ConclusionsThe blockchain technology in medicine and pharmacology will increase the level of protection of human rights to healthcare quality.

The aim The aim of the study is to define the legal framework of forensic psychiatric examination commissioned by the court in relation to the competence of medical practitioners and the position of the subject as a patient in the process of forensic psychiatric examination in order to determine the correlation of special legal regulation with criminal and civil procedure regulation and to make proposals for the enhancement of the legal regulation.

Materials and methods This study is based on the analysis of international law, medical civil procedure and criminal procedure legislation, juridical practice, medical law legal doctrine. The following methods were used in this research the method of interpretation of legal norms, analysis of legal acts, and the induction-deduction method, upon which the conclusions were drawn and recommendations were provided.

Conclusion The current regulatory framework does not provide for the procedure by which the subject’s medical treatment is conducted during forensic psychiatric examination, nor does it determine the criteria for the admissibility of treatment of the persons concerned and the extent of treatment. During the examination, the medical practitioner who is in the expert’s procedural position in relation to the subject under examination in the particular examination should not carry out the treatment of the subject.

Conclusion The current regulatory framework does not provide for the procedure by which the subject’s medical treatment is conducted during forensic psychiatric examination, nor does it determine the criteria for the admissibility of treatment of the persons concerned and the extent of treatment. During the examination, the medical practitioner who is in the expert’s procedural position in relation to the subject under examination in the particular examination should not carry out the treatment of the subject.