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The anticonvulsant carbamazepine is frequently used in the long-term therapy of epilepsy and is a known substrate and inducer of cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 and CYP2B6. Carbamazepine induces the metabolism of various drugs (including its own); on the other hand, its metabolism can be affected by various CYP inhibitors and inducers. The aim of this work was to develop a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) parent-metabolite model of carbamazepine and its metabolite carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, including carbamazepine autoinduction, to be applied for drug-drug interaction (DDI) prediction. The model was developed in PK-Sim, using a total of 92 plasma concentration-time profiles (dosing range 50-800 mg), as well as fractions excreted unchanged in urine measurements. The carbamazepine model applies metabolism by CYP3A4 and CYP2C8 to produce carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, metabolism by CYP2B6 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase (UGT) 2B7 and glomerular filtration. The carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide model applies metabolism by epoxide hydroxylase 1 (EPHX1) and glomerular filtration. Good DDI performance was demonstrated by the prediction of carbamazepine DDIs with alprazolam, bupropion, erythromycin, efavirenz and simvastatin, where 14/15 DDI AUClast ratios and 11/15 DDI Cmax ratios were within the prediction success limits proposed by Guest et al. The thoroughly evaluated model will be freely available in the Open Systems Pharmacology model repository.Kazachstania slooffiae is a fungus commonly isolated from the gastrointestinal tract and feces of post-weaning pigs. Studies have implicated its ability to positively alter piglet gut health through potential symbioses with beneficial bacteria, including Lactobacillus and Prevotella, in providing amino acids as an energy source for microbial and piglet growth, and it has been found to be positively correlated with short-chain fatty acids in the piglet gut. However, basic mycological information remains limited, hampering in vitro studies. In this study, we characterized the growth parameters, biofilm formation ability, susceptibility to antimicrobials, and genetic relatedness of K. slooffiae to other fungal isolates. Optimal fungal growth conditions were determined, no antifungal resistance was found against multiple classes of antifungal drugs (azoles, echinocandins, polyenes, or pyrimidine analogues), and dimorphic growth was observed. K. slooffiae produced biofilms that became more complex in the presence of Lactobacillus acidophilus supernatant, suggesting positive interactions with this bacterium in the gut, while Enterococcus faecalis supernatant decreased density, suggesting an antagonistic interaction. This study characterizes the in vitro growth conditions that are optimal for further studies of K. slooffiae, which is an important step in defining the role and interactions of K. slooffiae in the porcine gut environment.The service industry provides distributive services, producer services, personal services, and social services. Trolox These services largely breakdowns due to restrictions on border movements, confined travel and transportation services, a decline in international tourists’ visitation, nationwide lockdowns, and maintaining social distancing in the population. Although these measures are highly needed to contain coronavirus, it decreases economic and financial activities in a country, which requires smart solutions to globally subsidize the services sector. The study used different COVID-19 measures, and its resulting impact on the services industry by using world aggregated data from 1975 through 2020. The study benefited from the Keynesian theory of aggregate demand that remains provided a solution to minimize economic shocks through stringent or liberalizing economic policies. The COVID-19 pandemic is more severe than the financial shocks of 2018 that affected almost all sectors of the globalized world, particulaging physical distancing, effective price control, and sound financial activities will help to reduce coronavirus cases that will further translate into increased services value-added for the next ten years. The social distancing will exert a more considerable variance error shock to the services industry, which indicates the viability of these measures to contained novel coronavirus over a time horizon. The study used the number of proxies to the COVID-19 measures on the service sector that can be continued with real-time variables to obtain more inferences.Previous research has suggested that activities such as community gardens could offer a wide range of health benefits. The aim of the article is to systematically review the available literature to analyse the magnitude of the phenomenon, the geographical distribution, and the main characteristics in terms of health outcomes and target populations. The search addresses the question whether the activity in community gardens improves health and well-being outcomes of individuals. From the total amount of 7226, 84 selected articles showed that(1) up to 50% are published by U.S. universities or institutions; (2) up to 44% of the studies considered “community gardens” as the main activity of the research focus; (3) one-third of the studies included adults; (4) almost 25% of the studies used “general health” as the main outcome when investigating the benefits of community gardens; (5) the percentage of studies that achieved their outcomes was heterogeneous among the different health dimensions. In conclusion, while a certain degree of heterogeneity in the used definition and outcome still exist, community gardens may be a viable strategy for well-being promotion in terms of psychological, social, and physical health and may be considered as an innovative urban strategy to promote urban public health.Histoplasmosis is a well-known endemic fungal infection but experience in non-endemic regions is often limited, which may lead to delayed diagnosis and extensive testing. The diagnosis can be especially challenging, typically when the disease first presents with pulmonary nodules accompanied by hilar and mediastinal lymphadenopathy, suggesting a much more common malignant disease. In this situation, a greater FDG uptake in draining lymph nodes in comparison with the associated lung nodule seen in [18F]FDG-PET/CT, the so-called “flip-flop fungus” sign, can help to orientate further diagnostic measures. We report a case of a 56-year-old woman living in Switzerland, a non-endemic region, whose diagnosis of imported histoplasmosis was delayed since the findings had been initially misinterpreted as pulmonary malignancy. Further, histological workup was inconclusive due to lack of specific fungal staining, leading to ineffective treatment and non-resolving disease. This paper intends to highlight the pitfalls in diagnosing Histoplasma capsulatum and presents images of particularities of fungal infections in [18F]FDG-PET/CT, which in our case showed a “flip-flop fungus” sign.