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The clinical utility of the construct of food addiction has been heavily debated. Though food addiction has been associated with psychosocial impairment in clinical samples, it is critical to examine these associations in non-clinical samples, to obtain unbiased evidence regarding this phenomenon’s clinical significance. It is also unknown which types of impairment are most common in food addiction. This observational study explored the association of self-reported food addiction with impairment in the domains of social, cognitive, and emotional functioning.

Participants (356 university students and 544 adults recruited through Mechanical Turk) completed the Yale Food Addiction Scale 2.0 and Clinical Impairment Assessment 3.0 questionnaire, as well as measures of emotional eating, reward-driven eating, binge eating, and general disordered eating.

Food addiction scores showed large correlations with emotional (r = 0.55, 0.57), social (r = 0.56, 0.59), and cognitive impairment (r = 0.58, 0.53) in the student and Mechanical Turk samples, respectively. The most common difficulties endorsed were emotional (e.g., feeling ashamed or critical of oneself, upset, or worried due to one’s eating habits), followed by social and cognitive.

Food addiction was strongly associated with psychosocial impairment in two non-clinical samples, suggesting this phenomenon merits further investigation. #link# We found substantial associations of food addiction with emotional as well as social and cognitive impairment.

Food addiction was strongly associated with psychosocial impairment in two non-clinical samples, suggesting this phenomenon merits further investigation. We found substantial associations of food addiction with emotional as well as social and cognitive impairment.

Existing literature has demonstrated that appetite hormones are frequently dysregulated in individuals with bulimic-spectrum eating disorders (BN-EDs). Although dysregulations in appetite hormones may maintain BN-EDs, very limited research has examined the association between dysregulated appetite hormones and cognitive and behavioral bulimic symptoms. We hypothesized that greater frequency of behavioral symptoms and severity of cognitive symptoms of BN-EDs would correlate with greater dysregulation in appetite hormones.

The association between ghrelin, cortisol, leptin, GLP-1, and amylin levels and eating pathology was examined in treatment-seeking adults with BN-EDs (N = 33). Participants completed bloodwork to assess fasting blood hormone levels and bulimic symptoms were measured by the Eating Disorder Examination. Pearson partial correlations were run to examine the association between hormone levels and eating pathology, controlling for BMI.

Contrary to hypotheses, none of the appetite hormones tested were significantly associated with frequency of behavioral ED symptoms (p range = 0.13-0.97, negligible to smalleffect sizes). Global eating pathology was positively associated with leptin (p = 0.03) and negatively associated with GLP-1 (p = 0.03) and amylin (p = 0.04), with medium effect sizes. link2 Post hoc analyses indicated significantly stronger associations between appetite hormones and cognitive eating pathology than between appetite hormones and frequency of binge eating [GLP-1 (p = 0.02) and amylin (p = 0.02)] or compensatory behaviors [leptin (p = 0.03), GLP-1 (p = 0.02), and amylin (p = 0.04)].

In individuals with BN-EDs, appetite hormones may be more strongly associated with cognitive symptoms than behavioral symptoms.

Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.

Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.It is of great interest to understand how diet may influence the onset and progression of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in pediatric age groups, as MetS in childhood and adolescence is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and type-2 diabetes in adulthood. Recently, Azemati and colleagues (2020) reported no association between junk food intake and MetS in Iranian children and adolescents aged 7-18 years; however, we have identified some methodological limitations in this study, which are important to consider when examining MetS risk, especially in samples of this age. In response, we have developed a letter to the editor detailing the issues associated with defining MetS in pediatric age groups and how pubertal maturation and visceral adipose tissue are important variables to assess.

The aim of this study was to assess the value of baseline 18F-FDG PET/CT in predicting the response to neoadjuvant chemo-radiotherapy (NCRT) in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) via the volumetric and texture data obtained from 18F-FDG PET/CT images.

In total, 110 patients who had undergone NCRT after initial PET/CT and followed by surgical resection were included in this study. Patients were divided into two groups randomly as a train set (n 88) and test set (n 22). Pathological response using three-point tumor regression grade (TRG) and metastatic lymph nodes in PET/CT images were determined. TRG1 were accepted as responders and TRG2-3 as non-responders. Region of interest for the primary tumors was drawn and volumetric features (metabolic tumor volume (MTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG)) and texture features were calculated. In train set, the relationship between these features and TRG was investigated with Mann-Whitney U test. Receiver operating curve analysis was performed for fdel’s AUC was calculated as 0.714 (p = 0.001,0.606-0.822, 95% CI). In test set, AUC was determined 0.838 (p = 0.008,0.671-1.000, 95% CI) in discriminating non-responders.

Although there were points where textural features were found to be significant, multivariate analysis revealed no diagnostic superiority over MTV in predicting treatment response.In this study, it was thought higher MTV value and metastatic lymph nodes in PET/CT images could be a predictor of low treatment response in patients with LARC.

Although there were points where textural features were found to be significant, multivariate analysis revealed no diagnostic superiority over MTV in predicting treatment response. In this study, it was thought higher MTV value and metastatic lymph nodes in PET/CT images could be a predictor of low treatment response in patients with LARC.Off-the-job faculty development for clinical teachers has been blighted by poor attendance, unsatisfactory sustainability, and weak impact. The faculty development literature has attributed these problems to the marginalisation of the clinical teacher role in host institutions. By focusing on macro-organisational factors, faculty development is ignoring the how clinical teachers are shaped by their everyday participation in micro-organisations such as clinical teams. We set out to explore how the roles of clinical teacher and graduate learner are co-constructed in the context of everyday work in clinical teams. Using selleck chemical carried out marginal participant observation of four different hospital clinical teams. We assembled a dataset comprising field notes, participant interviews, images, and video, which captured day-to-day working and learning encounters between team members. We applied the dramaturgical sensitising concepts of impression management and face work to a thematic analysis of the dataset. We found that learning in clinical teams was largely informal. Clinical teachers modelled, but rarely articulated, an implicit curriculum of norms, standards and expectations. Trainees sought to establish legitimacy and credibility for themselves by creating impressions of being able to recognise and reproduce lead clinicians’ standards. Teachers and trainees colluded in using face work strategies to sustain favourable impressions but, in so doing, diminished learning opportunities and undermined educational dialogue. These finding suggest that there is a complex interrelationship between membership of clinical teams and clinical learning. The implication for faculty development is that it needs to move beyond its current emphasis on the structuring effects of institutional context to a deeper consideration of how teacher and learner roles are co-constructed in clinical teams.Oral cancer due to betel quid chewing habit is very common in South Asian countries. We attempted to detect the presence of a novel gene in epithelial cells stimulated with arecoline, a main component of betel quid. link3 Human gingival epithelial progenitors were cultured and treated with a 3-day alternating regimen with/without 50 μg/ml arecoline for 1 month. DNA microarray and methylation arrays were analyzed to identify the candidate genes. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in the tissue samples. Genome-wide analyses, quantitative reverse transcription PCR and quantitative methylation-specific PCR revealed DUSP4 as the most significant and promising gene. The methylation levels of DUSP4 were significantly higher in the betel quid-related oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) than those in the non-related OSCC and controls (Mann-Whitney U test, p  less then  0.05). The number of DUSP4 immunopositive cells in betel quid-related OSCC was significantly higher than those from the non-chewing patients and the controls (p  less then  0.05). Hypermethylation of DUSP4 may be considered as a specific event in betel quid-related oral cancer.Stereotactic biopsies are an established tool for obtaining diagnosis of unclear brain lesions. However, non-diagnostic biopsies still occur. We aimed to analyze the contemporary diagnostic yield of stereotactic biopsies, predictors for non-diagnostic biopsies, outcome, and follow-up strategy after non-diagnostic biopsy. We conducted a single-center retrospective study of 311 adult patients undergoing stereotactic biopsies due to a newly diagnosed lesion at our department between 2012 and 2018. Patient data regarding comorbidities, presenting symptoms, imaging features, and non-invasive diagnostic procedures were obtained. The overall diagnostic yield was 86.2% and differed significantly between the various suspected diagnosis groups and was the highest when suspecting primary brain tumor compared with non-neoplastic lesions (91.2% vs. 73.3%, p > 0.001). Predicators for non-diagnostic biopsies were small lesion size, lack of contrast-enhancement, presence of sepsis, or underlying hemato-oncological disease. In case of non-diagnostic biopsy, a re-biopsy was performed in 12 cases, revealing a final diagnosis in 75%. In 16 cases, empiric therapy was started based on the suspected underlying disease. Close follow-up was performed in the remaining 15 cases. We showed that stereotactic biopsy is a safe procedure with reasonable diagnostic yield even for non-neoplastic lesions, when non-invasive diagnostic was inconclusive. In addition, we developed treatment recommendations for cases of non-diagnostic biopsies.

To investigate the performance of modified criteria to distinguish pheochromocytoma from adrenal adenoma by using adrenal protocol computed tomography (CT).

We retrospectively included consecutive 199 patients who underwent adrenal CT and surgically proven pheochromocytoma (n = 66) or adenoma (n = 133). Two independent radiologists analyzed two CT criteria for pheochromocytoma. Conventional criteria were as follows (a) lesion attenuation on unenhanced CT > 10 Hounsfield unit (HU); (b) absolute percentage washout < 60%; and (c) relative percentage washout < 40%. Modified criteria were as follows (a) conventional criteria or (b) one of the following findings (i) lesion attenuation on unenhanced CT ≥ 40 HU, (ii) 1-min enhanced CT ≥ 160 HU, (iii) 15-min enhanced CT ≥ 70 HU, , or (iv) intralesional cystic degeneration seen on both 1-min and 15-min enhanced CT. We analyzed area under the curve (AUC) and inter-reader agreement.

Proportion of pheochromocytoma was 33.2% (66/199). AUC of modified criteria was consistently higher than that of conventional criteria for distinguishing pheochromocytoma from adenoma (reader 1, 0.