Activity

To study the clinical profile and factors associated with post-traumatic headache (PTH) in children with mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) attending an urban public hospital.

We enrolled 130 consecutive children aged 6-12years with mTBI (as per the International Classification of Headache Disorders-III criteria), and followed them up for 7days. VX-770 Those who developed PTH were further followed up monthly for 3months.

Thirty (23.1%) children developed PTH; 25 (19.2%) children had acute PTH (duration 7days to 3months) and the remaining 5 (3.8%) developed persistent PTH (> 3months). Majority (50%) had bilateral headache and squeezing quality (50%). Forty percent of those with PTH met the criteria for migraine. Obesity (P =0.84), female gender (P =0.26), family history of headache (P =0.93), and prior history of concussion (P =0.70) were not associated with risk of PTH. Children who developed PTH had higher rate of nausea (RR (95% CI) = 2.42 (1.06, 5.5); P =0.03) and vomiting (RR (95% CI) = 3.76 (1.64, 8.5); P =0.001) after mTBI. Headache resolved within 1month in 63.3% of children.

PTH was found to be common after mTBI in children. Protocolized follow-up and directed history taking for PTH in all children with mTBI, who are frequently discharge from the emergency department after first aid, will lead to appropriate diagnosis and management of this problem.

PTH was found to be common after mTBI in children. Protocolized follow-up and directed history taking for PTH in all children with mTBI, who are frequently discharge from the emergency department after first aid, will lead to appropriate diagnosis and management of this problem.

To evaluate the efficacy of fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery on pediatric metopic synostosis via an image-based 3D reconstruction in Chinese population.

Thirty pediatric metopic synostosis patients who received fronto-orbital reconstruction surgery in the Children’s Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Department of Neurosurgery, from January 2007 to December 2018 were analyzed in the study. Here we use the Mimics 20.0 software to reconstruct patients’ cranial thin-section CT scan images from pre- and post-operation and control groups. Then the data of intracranial volume, frontal volume, orbital hypertelorism, ECA, ZF, and ORA were analyzed using the paired t-test or Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test.

The age of these patients was 15.83 ± 16.12 months. After surgery, the mean frontal volume was enlarged from 92.75 ± 26.97 to 138.62 ± 47.97 cm

(P < 0.0001), and the intracranial volume was enhanced from 976.87 ± 230.83 to 1059.44 ± 217.98 cm

(P < 0.0001). In the meantime, the ECA was changed from 108.02 ± 8.17 to 134 ± 5.59° (P < 0.0001). In line with the alteration of the parameters mentioned above, the head shapes in all patients were also significantly improved after the surgery with no obvious complications.

Fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric metopic synostosis. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction could serve as a quantitative strategy to evaluate the efficacy of craniofacial surgery.

Fronto-orbit reconstruction surgery is a safe and effective treatment for pediatric metopic synostosis. Computer-aided 3D reconstruction could serve as a quantitative strategy to evaluate the efficacy of craniofacial surgery.Cholesterol has long been suspected of influencing hair biology, with dysregulated homeostasis implicated in several disorders of hair growth and cycling. Cholesterol transport proteins play a vital role in the control of cellular cholesterol levels and compartmentalisation. This research aimed to determine the cellular localisation, transport capability and regulatory control of cholesterol transport proteins across the hair cycle. Immunofluorescence microscopy in human hair follicle sections revealed differential expression of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters across the hair cycle. Cholesterol transporter expression (ABCA1, ABCG1, ABCA5 and SCARB1) reduced as hair follicles transitioned from growth to regression. Staining for free cholesterol (filipin) revealed prominent cholesterol striations within the basement membrane of the hair bulb. Liver X receptor agonism demonstrated active regulation of ABCA1 and ABCG1, but not ABCA5 or SCARB1 in human hair follicles and primary keratinocytes. These results demonstrate the capacity of human hair follicles for cholesterol transport and trafficking. Future studies examining the role of cholesterol transport across the hair cycle may shed light on the role of lipid homeostasis in human hair disorders.Preservation of ultrastructural features in biological samples for electron microscopy (EM) is a challenging task that is routinely accomplished through chemical fixation or high-pressure freezing coupled to automated freeze substitution (AFS) using specialized devices. However, samples from clinical (e.g. “biobanking” of bulk biopsies) and preclinical (e.g. whole mouse tissues) specimens are often not specifically prepared for ultrastructural analyses but simply immersed in liquid nitrogen before long-term cryo-storage. We demonstrate that ultrastructural features of such samples are insufficiently conserved using AFS and developed a simple, rapid, and effective method for thawing that does not require specific instrumentation. This procedure consists of dry ice-cooled pre-trimming of frozen tissue and aldehyde fixation for 3 h at 37 °C followed by standard embedding steps. Herein investigated tissues comprised human term placentae, clinical lung samples, as well as mouse tissues of different composition (brown adipose tissue, white adipose tissue, cardiac muscle, skeletal muscle, liver). For all these tissues, we compared electron micrographs prepared from cryo-stored material with our method to images derived from directly prepared fresh tissues with standard chemical fixation. Our protocol yielded highly conserved ultrastructural features and tissue-specific details, largely matching the quality of fresh tissue samples. Furthermore, morphometric analysis of lipid droplets and mitochondria in livers of fasted mice demonstrated that statistically valid quantifications can be derived from samples prepared with our method. Overall, we provide a simple and effective protocol for accurate ultrastructural and morphometric analyses of cryo-stored bulk tissue samples.