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as epibionts and other resource specialists.Different from the generally conserved plastomes (plastid genomes) of most land plants, the Selaginellaceae plastomes exhibit dynamic structure, high GC content and high substitution rates. Previous plastome analyses identified strong conflict on several clades in Selaginella, however the factors causing the conflictions and the impact on the phylogenetic inference have not been sufficiently investigated. Here, we dissect the distribution of phylogenetic signals and conflicts in Selaginella sanguinolenta group, the plastome of which is DR (direct repeats) structure and with genome-wide RNA editing. We analyzed the data sets including 22 plastomes representing all species of the S. sanguinolenta group, covering the entire geographical distribution from the Himalayas to Siberia and the Russian Far East regions. We recovered four different topologies by applying multispecies coalescent (ASTRAL) and concatenation methods (IQ-TREE and RAxML) on four data sets of PC (protein-coding genes), NC (non-coding sequences)scent method performed better than the concatenation method in overcoming the problems caused by outlier genes and extreme RNA editing events. Our study particularly focused on the importance of exploring the plastid phylogenomic conflicts and suggested conducting concatenated analyses cautiously when adopting organelle genome data.Bald uakaris, genus Cacajao, are Amazonian primates currently classified as one species and four subspecies based on the patterns of pelage coloration. In this study, we test if their current taxonomy is represented by the phylogenetic relationship of the main lineages retrieved from molecular data. We included, for the first time, all bald uakari taxa in a mitochondrial (cytochrome b) and genome-wide (ddRAD) phylogenetic analyses. We also examined the pattern of pelage colouration in specimens from zoological collections. Having determined the number of lineages using Maximum Likelihood and the species tree using coalescent analyses, we test their divergence time using a Bayesian approach. While the cytochrome b analysis only recovered two clades, the ddRAD analysis supported the reciprocal monophyly of five lineages of bald uakaris, with all clades including only individuals with distinct and exclusive diagnostic phenotypic characters. We found that species diversification in Cacajao occurred during the last 300 Kya and may have been influenced by the formation of rivers and flooded forests in western Amazonia. We propose that the four bald uakari subspecies currently recognised can be upgraded to species level and we describe the white uakaris from the basin of the Rio Tarauacá as a new species.

revisional bariatric surgery is gaining increasing interest as long term follow-up studies demonstrate an elevated failure rate of primary surgery due to insufficient weight loss, weight regain or complications. This particularly concerns restrictive bariatric surgery which has been widely adopted from the ’80s till present through different procedures, notably vertical banded gastroplasty, laparoscopic adjusted gastric banding and sleeve gastrectomy. The aim of this study is to define which revisional bariatric procedure performs the best after failure of primary restrictive surgery.

a systematic review and network meta-analysis of 39 studies was conducted following the PRISMA guidelines and the Cochrane protocol.

biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch guarantees the best results in terms of weight loss (1 and 3-years %TWL MD 12.38 and 28.42) followed by single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass (9.24 and 19.13), one-anastomosis gastric bypass (7.16 and 13.1), and Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (4.68 anng revisional procedures after failure of restrictive surgery due to satisfying short and mid-term weight loss and low early and late morbidity. Moreover, single-anastomosis duodenoileal bypass has low risk of weight recidivism.

Laparoscopic gastrectomy (LG) has been widely used for advanced gastric cancer (GC), and its resection extent is not limited to distal gastrectomy. However, the superiority of this minimally invasive approach remains controversial. This study aimed to evaluate the benefits and risks of LG on the short- and long-term outcomes compared with open gastrectomy (OG) for GC.

A systematic literature search was performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing LG and OG for treatment of GC. The primary outcomes were adverse events, recurrence, mortality, and the quality of life. The secondary outcomes included operation-relevant outcomes and postoperative recovery outcomes. We employed random-effects meta-analyses to pool results with Hartung-Knapp adjustment. The prediction interval (PI) was used to quantify the between-study heterogeneity. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were performed to examine the potential sources of heterogeneity.

Twenty-eight studies involving 7643 patients were iith GC. Patients with lower BMI and older age may benefit most from LG. Future studies are needed to confirm our findings in low-volume hospitals and for less-experienced surgeons. Future trials focusing on patient-important outcomes are warranted for clinical decision-making.Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the common malignant tumors. LukS-PV is the S component of Panton-Valetine leukocidin(PVL) secreted by Staphylococcus aureus. Forkhead box O3 (FOXO3) is a member of the FOXO subfamily of transcription factors that acts as a tumor suppressor. In this study, we investigated the role of LukS-PV on the proliferation of HCC and explored possible mechanisms. We treated HCC cells with various concentrations of LukS-PV and evaluated the effect of LukS-PV on cell viability using the cell counting kit-8 and colony formation assays. Real-time PCR and western blot assays were used to analyze mRNA and protein expression levels, respectively. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to examine the intracellular localization of FOXO3. The expression of FOXO3 and its downstream target genes were analyzed by immunohistochemical staining. The protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide and the proteosome inhibitor MG132 were used to explore the potential mechanisms by which LukS-PV regulated FOXO3. We demonstrated that LukS-PV inhibited the proliferation of HCC cells in a concentration dependent manner. LukS-PV upregulated FOXO3 expression both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, LukS-PV facilitated the entry of FOXO3 into the nucleus and, subsequently, regulated the transcription of downstream target genes. In addition, we discovered that LukS-PV decreased the expression of phosphorylated FOXO3 through the PI3K/AKT signaling pathway and maintained FOXO3 protein stability via the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. Taken together, our data indicated that LukS-PV exert anticancer activities through FOXO3. LukS-PV may be a promising candidate for HCC treatment.Microalgae have been a promising alternative source of high-value compounds to replace the non-sustainable fossil fuels resource. The recent research development of algae-based bioproducts has remarkable impact various industries section for its renewability, efficiency, and environmentally friendly crops over those synthetic-made product. However, by utilizing microalgae biomass toward their full potential is still limited due to lack of research funding, social acceptability and challenges in policy implementation. This present review highlights the various microalgae biotechnology with consideration of economical aspect for the global potential of algae market, comparison between the microalgae market in Malaysia and international countries. In addition, the cultivation technologies and feasibility of microalgae biomass production globally, followed by insightful challenges and future development of microalgae industry are mentioned. The current study will contribute to the understanding of upstream and downstream of microalgae processing along with technical economical understandings for the successful commercialisation of microalgae products.Clostridium tyrobutyricum, a gram-positive anaerobic bacterium, is recognized as the promising butyric acid producer. But, the existence of carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is the major drawback for C. tyrobutyricum to efficiently use the lignocellulosic biomass. In this study, the xylose pathway genes were first identified and verified. Then, the potential regulatory mechanisms of CCR in C. tyrobutyricum were proposed and the predicted engineering targets were experimental validated. Inactivation of hprK blocked the CcpA-mediated CCR and resulted in simultaneous conversion of glucose and xylose, although xylose consumption was severe lagging behind. Deletion of xylR further shortened the lag phase of xylose utilization. When hprK and xylR were inactivated together, the CCR in C. tyrobutyricum was completely eliminated. Consequently, ATCC 25755/ΔhprKΔxylR showed significant increase in butyrate productivity (1.8 times faster than the control) and excellent butyric acid fermentation performance using both mixed sugars (11.0-11.9 g/L) and undetoxified lignocellulosic hydrolysates (12.4-13.4 g/L).Eversa® Transform 2.0 lipase used as biocatalyst to biodiesel (fatty acid methyl esters – FAME) synthesis has been the target of interesting studies due to its thermostability and cost-effectiveness. In these researches, data about reaction conditions that result in satisfactory yields were investigated. Nevertheless, kinetic and thermodynamic parameters considering this enzyme are scarce. This paper presents an estimation of kinetic and thermodynamic parameters for the Eversa® Transform 2.0-mediated hydroesterification to FAME synthesis. Kinetic studies were performed for different methanol, water and lipase loads in distinct temperatures. Parameters adjusted by the thermodynamic model indicate that the hydrolysis is decisive in the overall hydroesterification reaction rate and the esterification reaction is endothermic (ΔHe = 38.98 kJ/mol). Formation of enzymatic complexes is favored by increasing the temperature, especially the enzyme-methanol inhibition complex. Statistical analysis showed that the model was not overparameterized, and the small confidence interval indicated good reliability of the estimated parameters.This work studied the co-pyrolysis of wheat straw (WS) and polyethylene (PE) via thermogravimetric experiments from room temperature to 1000 °C at various heating rates (10, 20, and 30 °C/min). selleck chemical Thermal behavior revealed that the maximum decomposition of WS, PE, and their blend occurred in three temperature ranges, viz. 250 – 496, 200 – 486, and 200 – 501 °C. Kinetic parameters were determined using model-free isoconversional methods. Activation energy from KAS (163.56, 220.26 and 196.78 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend), FWO (165.97, 222.05, 198.86 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend), and Starink (163.45, 220.05, 196.46 kJ/mol for WS, PE, and blend) method was estimated. From among various solid-state kinetic models, first-order reaction kinetics and one and two-dimensional diffusion models dominated co-pyrolysis of WS and PE. Thermodynamic parameters confirmed the feasibility of co-pyrolysis of WS and PE while differential thermal analysis signified that endothermic and exothermic reactions occur simultaneously.