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administration, respectively. Physical assessment based on CNR and CRC also suggested that 6, 6, and 3min or longer acquisition time was necessary at 6, 24, and 72h after administration.

Lu-SPECT images generated via the Monte Carlo simulation suggested that the recommended acquisition time was 6min or longer at 6 and 24h and 3min or longer at 72h after administration.

177Lu-SPECT images generated via the Monte Carlo simulation suggested that the recommended acquisition time was 6 min or longer at 6 and 24 h and 3 min or longer at 72 h after administration.Breast cancer is the most familiar solid tumor analyzed in women. Trace elements have critical roles in cancer biology. In this research, the relationship between carcinogenic element, cadmium (Cd), and anti-carcinogenic elements, zinc (Zn), in the scalp hair and blood samples of four stages of female breast cancer patients was studied. We have determined the essential trace (Zn) and toxic (Cd) elements, in biological samples (scalp hair and blood) of female breast cancer (n = 96 age ranging 22-35 years), residents of various cities of Pakistan. For comparative study, the biological samples of age-matched healthy (referent) subjects (n = 115) were also analyzed for selected metals. The validity and accuracy of the methodology were checked by using certified reference materials of biological referent materials (human hair (BCR 397) and ClinCheck lyophilized blood). The mean concentrations of Cd were found to be 3- to fourfold significantly higher in the scalp hair and blood samples of female breast patients as compared to referents, while reverse results were obtained in the case of Zn (p > 0.001). The observed data shows the significant effect of carcinogenic (Cd) and their balance towards the anti-carcinogenic (Zn) in humans.Epidemiological evidence on serum zinc and copper and cognitive impairment in older adults are not consistent. Results on serum zinc and copper and cognitive impairment in older adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) have not been reported. Data on serum zinc and copper and cognitive impairment from individuals ≥ 60 years of age were obtained from the 2011-2014 NHANES. Serum zinc and copper concentrations were determined with inductively coupled plasma dynamic reaction cell mass spectrometry. Cognitive impairment was assessed with four cognitive tests the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), the Animal Fluency (AF), the Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s Disease Delayed Recall (CERAD-DR), and the Word Learning (CERAD-WL) tests. Compared with the lowest tertile of serum copper, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of scoring low on the AF were 0.86 (0.44-1.68) in tertile 2 and 0.46 (0.25-0.82) in tertile 3, and the inverse association was also found in women. No association was found between serum copper and the DSST, CERAD-DR, and CRAD-WL, respectively. Compared with the lowest tertile of serum zinc, the multivariate-adjusted odds ratios of scoring low on the DSST were 0.83 (0.37-1.90) in tertile 2 and 0.42 (0.22-0.80) in tertile 3, and the inverse association was also found in men. No association was found between serum zinc and the AF, CERAD-DR, and CRAD-WL, respectively. Picrotoxin nmr In conclusion, serum copper and zinc were associated with certain cognitive performance tests among older adults, and the causality deserves to be confirmed further.

Protein biomarkers estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and marker of proliferation (Ki67) are routinely assessed by immunohistochemistry to guide treatment decisions for breast cancer. Now, quantification of mRNA encoding these proteins is being adopted in the clinic. However, mRNA and protein biomarkers may be differentially regulated by fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone that occur across the menstrual cycle in premenopausal breast cancer patients. This study aimed to compare how estrogen and progesterone affect mRNA and protein biomarker expression in hormone-responsive breast cancer cells.

Hormone-responsive ZR-75-1 and T-47D human breast cancer cell lines were xenografted into the mammary fat pad of BALB/c nude mice supplemented with estrogen. Progesterone or vehicle was administered prior to dissection of tumors. Protein expression of ER, PR and Ki67 was quantified by immunohistochemistry, and mRNA encoding these proteins, ESR1, PGR and KI67, respectively, was quantified by re biomarkers in premenopausal breast cancer.Neurodegenerative diseases are a major cause of disability in the world, but their etiologies largely remain elusive. Genetic factors can only account for a minority of risk for most of these disorders, suggesting environmental factors play a significant role in the development of these diseases. Prolonged exposure to air pollution has recently been identified to increase the risk of Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases, but the molecular mechanisms by which it acts are not well understood. Zebrafish embryos exposed to diesel exhaust particle extract (DEPe) lead to dysfunctional autophagy and neuronal loss. Here, we exposed zebrafish embryos to DEPe and performed high throughput proteomic and transcriptomic expression analyses from their brains to identify pathogenic pathways induced by air pollution. DEPe treatment altered several biological processes and signaling pathways relevant to neurodegenerative processes, including xenobiotic metabolism, phagosome maturation, and amyloid processing. The biggest induction of gene expression in brains was in Cyp1A (over 30-fold). The relevance of this expression change was confirmed by blocking induction using CRISPR/Cas9, which resulted in a dramatic increase in sensitivity to DEPe toxicity, confirming that Cyp1A induction was a compensatory protective mechanism. These studies identified disrupted molecular pathways that may contribute to the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative disorders. Ultimately, determining the molecular basis of how air pollution increases the risk of neurodegeneration will help in the development of disease-modifying therapies.

Chronic pain negatively affects adolescents’ quality of life. Therefore, it is important to seek for ways to effectively manage pain, which may, in turn, promote quality-of-life dimensions in this population. However, there are many barriers including geographical distance which prevent most adolescents from receiving an effective treatment for chronic pain. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of a smartphone-based pain management application compared with face-to-face pain management program and wait-list control on the pain intensity and quality-of-life dimensions in adolescents with chronic pain.

This study used a cluster double-blinded randomized parallel-group design with school as the unit of randomization. Participants included were 192 adolescents with chronic pain. The questionnaires (pain intensity and quality of life measuring physical, emotional, social, and school dimensions) were completed at the baseline, immediately at the end of pain management program and three months after the end of the program.