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The Hainan gibbon (Nomascus hainanus) is endemic to China and is the world’s rarest ape. check details The remaining wild population totals only 33 individuals. In the current study, we sequenced the Mitochondrial DNA control region of 12 wild Hainan gibbons representing three social groups of the five remaining groups. By conducting population genetic analyses, we found that the proportion of four nucleotides (T, C, A and G) were 29.0%, 27.2%, 31.9% and 11.9%, respectively. Hypervariable segments of the mtDNA D-loop region (1005 bp in length), indicated five variable sites (a point mutation), with only two haplotypes present among the 12 samples. We observed that the genetic diversity of Hainan gibbons is lower than that reported in any other wild primate population, and that the two haplotypes detected, represent two ancestral lineages. These findings have important implications for proposing effective conservation strategies to protect this Critically Endangered ape species.Viburnum burejaeticum Regel et Herd is widely cultivated in botanical gardens. However, as a member of Adoxaceae, few studies have been carried out on its phylogenetic relationship with other family members. Here we report the first complete chloroplast (cp) genome sequence of V. burejaeticum collected from China. The circular cp genome is 158,381 bp in size, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,067 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,212 bp, which were separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,551 bp each). A total of 126 genes were annotated, including 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 36 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 82 protein-coding genes (PCGs). The sequence comparison of two V. burejaeticum collected from Korea and China revealed 101 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and 16 insertions/deletions (InDels). In addition, maximum-likelihood (ML) phylogenetic analysis indicated V. burejaeticum species collected in Korea and China are clustered together. This study provides useful information for future genetic study of V. burejaeticum.Paraqianlabeo lineatus is a small-sized fish which is endemic to Guizhou province, China. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. lineatus is 16,598 bp in total length, with 37 genes, including 13 PCGs, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes (16S and 12S) and a non-coding region (D-loop). The positions and sequences of genes were consistent with congeners of Labeoninae. The nucleotide composition of the mitogenome was A (31.5%), T (26.7%), G (15.9%), C (25.8%) and was slightly A + T biased. Phylogenetic analysis conducted using Bayesian Inference method showed that P. lineatus clustered with Pseudogyrincheilus procheilus within the subfamily Labeoninae. The results may provide helpful data for further studies of the evolutionary history of Labeoninae.The complete mitochondrial genome of Sinularia penghuensis was sequenced and analyzed using next-generation sequencing. The present mitochondrial genome was 18730 bp in length, containing 14 protein-coding genes (PCGs) (cox1-cox3.nad1-nad6, nad4L, atp6, atp8, cytb, and MutS), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs) (12S and 16S), and one transfer RNA gene (Met-tRNA). The phylogenetic analysis of family Alcyoniidae revealed that S. penghuensis and Sinularia maxima cluster together. Five species in Sinularia reveals high identity in mitogenome sequences that the lowest variable sites (SNPs) were found between S. penghuensis and S. maxima.Oxalis corniculata L. is a perennial herb with a world-wide distribution. In this study, we sequenced the complete chloroplast genome of O. corniculata, which exhibited a circular genome of 155,182 bp in length with 37.5% GC content. The chloroplast genome contained a canonical quadripartite structure with a large single copy (LSC) region of 83,936 bp, a small single copy (SSC) region of 17,048 bp and a pair of 25,581 bp inverted repeats (IRs). A total of 108 unique genes, including 76 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 28 tRNA genes and four rRNA genes were found in this chloroplast genome. The phylogenetic tree was constructed based on O. corniculata and other 11 chloroplast genome sequences, which showed that O. corniculata was closely grouped with of O. corymbosa and O. drummondii.Cyperus iria L. is an annual weed of the family Cyperaceae, which plays an important role in the environmental remediation of uranium contaminate. Here, the complete chloroplast (cp) genome of Cyperus iria has been reconstructed from the complete genome Illumina sequencing data. The complete cp genome was 185,697 bp in length, containing a large single copy region (LSC) of 99,360 bp and a small single copy region (SSC) of 10,267 bp, which were separated by a pair of 38,035 bp inverted repeat regions (IRs). The cp genome contained 135 genes, including 89 protein-coding genes (PCGs), eight rRNA genes, and 38 tRNA genes. The cp genome has a GC content of 33.16%. Further, the phylogenetic analysis showed a strong sister relationship with Cyperus rotundus.The complete mitochondrial genome of a bagrid catfish, Tachysurus nitidus was completely analyzed by the primer walking method. It was composed of 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a control region with a total length of 16,537 bp. In the phylogenetic tree, using mitochondrial genome of 13 related sequences revealed that T. nitidus (MW451217) of Korea is clustered with T. nitidus (KC822643) of China. This complete mitochondrial genome provides an important resource for reviewing the phylogenetic relationships and taxonomic status of the bagrid species.Viburnum sargentii Koehne is widely used for garden greening and also displays excellent medicinal value in China. However, the phylogenetic relationship between V. sargentii and other Adoxaceae members remains unknown. In this research, the complete chloroplast genome of V. sargentii was obtained by the high-throughput Illumina pair-end sequencing data. The chloroplast genome shows a typically quadripartite structure with 158,524 bp in size, including a large single-copy (LSC) region of 87,087 bp and a small single-copy (SSC) region of 18,489 bp, which were separated by two inverted repeat (IR) regions (26,474 bp each). A total of 128 genes were predicted, including 8 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 37 transfer RNAs (tRNAs), and 83 protein-coding genes (PCGs). Maximum-likelihood phylogenetic analysis revealed that V. sargentii was clustered in the Viburnum genus and in a sister position to Viburnum japonicum, Viburnum erosum, Viburnum fordiae, and Viburnum betulifolium. This study provides useful information for future genetic study of V.