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Body-weight fluctuation is associated with an increased risk of all-cause mortality. Yet no studies investigate its association with risk of diabetes in adults aged≥60years. This study aimed to address this issue.

A total of 1,565 participants free of diabetes at baseline in the CHARLS were followed for 4-year. Body-weight was collected at baseline and every 2-year. Body-weight fluctuation was primarily calculated as the root-mean-square-error deviation from the regression line of body-weights against years. The risk of diabetes was estimated using logistic regression analysis.

During the 4-year follow-up, 153 participants developed diabetes. The risk of diabetes was increased by 23% (odds ratio [OR] 1.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.06 to 1.43) per every 1-standard deviation higher of body-weight fluctuation after controlling for cardiovascular risk factors. The association appeared pronounced among participants with poor physical performance (both P<0.03). Participants with overweight/obesity and a high body-weight fluctuation had the largest increase in the risk for diabetes (OR 3.03). Body-weight fluctuation correlated with hemoglobin A1c and white blood cells at follow-up or their change scores from baseline, especially in females (all P<0.02).

Body-weight fluctuation led to an increased risk of diabetes in adults aged≥60years.

Body-weight fluctuation led to an increased risk of diabetes in adults aged ≥ 60 years.

To determine whether early retinal neurodegenerative changes in pediatric patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D) can be detected by spectral domain-optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) and whether such changes are associated with risk factors for T1D complications.

A total of 147 T1D children/adolescents and 51 healthy controls underwent SD-OCT. Spherical refractive error (SRE), macular total retinal thickness (TRT), ganglion cell layer (GCL), retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), minimum rim width (MRW), and Bruch’s membrane opening area (BMOA) were measured. Clinical and biochemical parameters were recorded at the time of SD-OCT and starting at T1D onset. Multiple regression models were calculated using SD-OCT parameters as dependent and risk factors as independent variables.

MRW was significantly thinner in the T1D patients (global MRW361.58vs386.33µm; p=0.009), while RNFL and macular parameters were similar for both groups. Staurosporine price MRW was inversely correlated with mean HbA1c (r≥-0.180, p<0.05). Multiple regression showed that part of the variability in MRW was explained by HbA1c and BMOA (R

=0.21; p<0.001), independent of other cardiometabolic risk factors.

MRW reduction could be a potential early marker of retinal neurodegeneration detectable in pediatric patients with T1D. The association between MRW and mean HbA1c suggests that glucometabolic control may affect early retinal neurodegeneration starting in childhood.

MRW reduction could be a potential early marker of retinal neurodegeneration detectable in pediatric patients with T1D. The association between MRW and mean HbA1c suggests that glucometabolic control may affect early retinal neurodegeneration starting in childhood.

The CV-CARE registry provides RWE in Canadian routine clinical practice.

CV-CARE is a multi-site, observational, prospective Canadian registry enrolling patients initiating treatment with metformin hydrochloride extended-release (MetER) for T2D; colesevelam (C) for HCh; and azilsartan (AZI), azilsartan/chlorthalidone (AZI/CHL) or diltiazem extended-release (TXC) for HTN. Patient characteristics/assessment were performed at baseline and 12±6months. Primary outcome was absolute change in HbA

and FPG (MetER); % change in LDL-C (C); and absolute change in BP (AZI-AZI/CHL-TXC).

Of the 4194 patients in the primary analysis population, 24% were taking MetER, 39% were taking C, 33% were taking AZI, 12% were taking AZI/CHL, and 3% were taking TXC. At 12months, MetER-treated patients had an absolute mean (95% CI) change in HbA

of -0.3% [-0.4; -0.2] and in FPG of 0.7mmol/L [-1.0; -0.4]. C-treated patients had a mean (95% CI) % change in LDL-C of -13.0% [-14.6; -11.4]. Absolute mean (95% CI) changes in SBP were -18.7mmHg [-19.7; -17.7](AZI), -21.3mmHg [-23.1; -19.5](AZI/CHL), and -12.3mmHg [-15.1; -9.6](TXC).

In a real-world Canadian setting, MetER, C, AZI, AZI/CHL, and TXC show improvement of the cardiometabolic profile of T2D, HCh, and HTN patients.

In a real-world Canadian setting, MetER, C, AZI, AZI/CHL, and TXC show improvement of the cardiometabolic profile of T2D, HCh, and HTN patients.

There are limited data on the transmission of influenza in the context of primary care practices, despite the fact that a significant proportion of the population consult their primary care physician for an influenza-like illness every year.

To describe the use of influenza prevention and control methods in private practices of the Swiss sentinel network.

This online cross-sectional survey collected data about infection prevention and control measures in the 166 private practices of the Swiss sentinel surveillance network during the 2018-2019 influenza season. Questions pertained to the practice setting, infection prevention and control recommendations, influenza vaccination status of the physicians and their staff, adhesion to hand hygiene, and mask wearing.

Among the 122 practices that answered (response rate 73.5%), 90.2% of the responding physicians had been vaccinated themselves, and 46.7% (56/120) estimated that their staff vaccination coverage was >60%, although it was offered to employees iimplement infection prevention and control measures in the ambulatory setting.Pain is a complex experience consisting of sensory, affective-motivational, and cognitive dimensions. Hence, identifying the multiple neural pathways subserving these functional aspects is a valuable task. The role of dentate gyrus (DG) as a relay station of neocortical afferents in the hippocampal formation (HF) in persistent pain is still controversial. The lateral hypothalamus (LH)-HF neural circuits are involved in numerous situations such as anxiety-like behavior, reward processing, feeding, orofacial as well as acute pain. Nonetheless, to our knowledge, the involvement of the LH-DG neural circuit in persistent pain has already remained unexplored. Adult male Wistar rats weighing 220-250 g were undergone stereotaxic surgery for unilateral implantation of two separate cannulae into the LH and DG. Intra-DG administration of the orexin-1 (OX1) and orexin-2 (OX2) receptor antagonists, SB334867 and TCS OX2 29, respectively, was performed 5 min before intra-LH microinjection of carbachol. Animals were then undergone the formalin test using 50 μl formalin injection (2.5%) into the plantar surface of the hind paw. Microinjection of SB334867 or TCS OX2 29 into the DG region attenuated the antinociceptive effect produced by carbachol microinjection into the LH. The preventive effect of SB334867 and TCS OX2 29 on intra-LH carbachol-induced antinociception was approximately equal in both early and late phases of formalin nociception. The results suggest a neural pathway from the LH to the DG, which contributes to the modulation of formalin-induced inflammatory pain through the recruitment of OX1 and OX2 receptors within the DG.Programmed death ligand (PD-L) 2 and PD-L1 are the second and first ligands, respectively, for programmed cell death-1 protein (PD-1), which is one of the key factors responsible for inhibitory T cell signaling, mediating mechanisms of tolerance and providing immune homeostasis. Studies have shown that PD-1 and its ligand PD-L1 are abnormally expressed in autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis and autoimmune hepatitis, but its other ligand, PD-L2, has rarely been studied. This study analyzed the changes in membrane-bound PD-L2 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells and soluble PD-L2 (sPD-L2) levels in the serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) to explore the relationship between PD-L2 expression with disease activity and related test parameters. Our results showed that membrane-bound PD-L2 expression on monocytes was significantly higher and the sPD-L2 levels were significantly lower in SLE patients than in healthy subjects. Patients with active SLE accompanied by lupus nephritis, joint pain, and clinical manifestations of oral ulcers had relatively low secretion of sPD-L2. In addition, this secretion level was significantly and positively correlated with complement components 3 and 4 (C3/C4). These results suggest that PD-L2 may be a promising biomarker associated with the pathogenesis of SLE.Lately, the Magnetic Resonance scans have struggled with its own inherent limitations, such as spatial resolution as well as long examination times. In this paper, a novel, rapid compressively-sensed magnetic resonance high resolution image resolution algorithm is presented. This technique addresses these two key issues by employing a highly-sparse sampling scheme and super-resolution reconstruction (SRR) method. Due to highly challenging requirements for the accuracy of diagnostic images registration, the presented technique exploits image priors, deblurring, parallel imaging, and a discrete dense displacement sampling for the deformable human body and motion analysis. The clinical trials as well as phantom based studied have been conducted. It has been proven that the proposed algorithm is able to enhance image spatial resolution, reduce motion artefacts and scan times.Although multiple studies report that unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine lesions of the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNc) in rats induce depressive-like behaviors and hyperactivity of the lateral habenula (LHb), effects of dopamine (DA) D4 receptors in the LHb on depressive-like behaviors are unclear. Here we found that intra-LHb injection of the different doses of D4 receptor agonist A412997 and antagonist L741742 produced the different behavioral responses in SNc sham-lesioned rats, and only the high doses of A412997 and L741742 increased the expression of depressive-like behaviors or produced antidepressant-like effects in SNc-lesioned rats. The low doses of A412997 and L741742 altered the firing rate of LHb neurons and release of DA, GABA and glutamate in the LHb via the GABAergic rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg) in SNc sham-lesioned rats, but not in SNc-lesioned rats. The high doses of A412997 and L741742 also altered the firing rate and release of the transmitters in both SNc sham-lesioned and SNc-lesioned rats, whereas these effects were not involved in the RMTg. Lesions of the SNc shortened the duration of significant effects on the firing rate and release of the transmitters induced by the high doses of A412997 and L741742. These findings suggest that D4 receptors in the LHb are involved in depression-like behaviors via the pre- and post-synaptic mechanisms and depletion of DA decreases the function and/or the expression of both pre- and post-synaptic D4 receptors. This study also points to the importance of the pre-synaptic D4 receptors in the regulation of Parkinson’s disease-related depression.During a histopathological survey of Mytilus galloprovincialis in Galicia (NW Spain), microcells were observed infecting several organs of the symbiont copepod Mytilicola intestinalis. Positive results of PCR assay with specific primers for genus Mikrocytos and a clear signal of in situ hybridization with MACKINI-1 digoxigenin- labelled DNA probe (DIG-ISH) indicated a protozoan parasite of Mikrocytos genus. The ultrastructural study revealed intra and extracellular locations, polymorphic nuclei, intracellular round vesicles in the cytoplasm and absence of mitochondria. The present paper reports the characterization of the Mikrocytos sp. infecting M. intestinalis and proposes a novel species in the genus Mikrocytos mytilicoli n. sp. A sequence of 18S-28S rDNA was obtained with 95.6% maximum identity (query cover 100%) with Mikrocytos mackini. Phylogenetic analysis showed that M. mytilicoli n. sp. and M. mackini share a common ancestor. However, comparison of the ITS1 rDNA region showed low similarity (75.8%) with M.