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Clown intervention may be a promising way to relieve acute pain in children, especially those aged 2-7 years. It also seems to shorten the duration of crying and the length of hospital stays, but the effect on cortisol levels is still uncertain. More high-quality randomised controlled trials are needed to confirm these results and take into account different age groups, cultural backgrounds and specific populations.

To estimate the impact of recreational and medical cannabis laws (RCL, MCL) on the use of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.

A difference-in-difference approach was applied to data from the 2004-17 National Survey on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

United States.

Nationally representative cross-sectional survey of Americans aged 12 years and older (combined analytical sample for 2004-17, n = 783 663).

Data on past-month use of (1) cigarettes and (2) cannabis were used to classify respondents into four groups cigarette and cannabis co-use, cigarette-only use, cannabis-only use or no cigarette or cannabis use. State of residence was measured by self-report. MCL/RCL status came from state government websites.

Difference-in-difference analyses suggest that MCL was associated with an increase in cigarette-cannabis co-use overall [adjusted odds ratio (aOR) = 1.09; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.02-1.16], with the greatest increases among those aged 50 years and above (aOR = 1.60; CI = 1.39-1.8use, and co-use, of cannabis and cigarettes in the United States.

Studies indicate the complex nature of the genetic structure of the European Roma which has been shaped by different effects of their demographic history, while preserving their ancestral Indian origin. The primary aims of this study were to present for the first time the paternal profiles of the Roma from Bosnia and Herzegovina based on the data from Y-chromosome STR loci, identify the components of non-Roma paternal gene flow into the Roma, and evaluate the genetic relationships with other European Roma populations.

In this study, 110 DNA samples of unrelated males from Roma populations residing in different regions of Bosnia and Herzegovina were genotyped using the 23 Y-STR loci included in the PowerPlex Y23 system.

The analysis of the genetic structure of the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Roma revealed intra-country population substructuring and indicated differing genetic affinities between the Bosnian-Herzegovinian Roma and other European Roma populations. The paternal genetic structure of the Bosnian-Heras factors of the isolation that accompany the Roma populations in some Bosnian-Herzegovinian regions.

This study is a cross-sectional study aiming to determine the suicide literacy level of nurses and to examine the relationship between nurses’ suicide literacy and certain variables.

Suicide literacy in nurses is a factor which affects knowledge levels. The level of suicide literacy in nurses may affect the care given to patients and the behaviour of obtaining help in relation to themselves.

The study was conducted with 348 nurses between January and March 2020 at a hospital in the city of Antalya in Turkey. A personal information form and the Literacy of Suicide Scale (LOSS) were used to collect data. Descriptive statistical methods were used in data analysis. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed to determine the predictors of suicide literacy. The STROBE checklist was followed for this cross-sectional study.

The nurses’ mean score on LOSS was 11.08 ± 3.92. Significant predictors of suicide literacy in nurses were being single, working in the emergency department, having previouviours in seeking help for themselves.

To reveal the existence of alarms in COVID-19 intensive care units, where medical devices with alarm function are frequently used, the effects of alarms on nurses, especially their on-the-job performances and social lives, and their coping methods.

This was a mixed design, including descriptive and qualitative research methods with two stages, and was carried out between March and April 2021. The study adhered to the STROBE checklist for cross-sectional studies and the COREQ guidelines for qualitative studies.

Nurses in the COVID-19 intensive care unit of a university hospital constituted the sample. 58 nurses participated in the quantitative data phase, and 18 nurses in the qualitative interviews.

More than half of the nurses worked in the COVID-19 intensive care unit for more than 5months and overtime, and 87.9 had day and night shifts. The monthly income level of 65.5% was between the hunger and poverty lines, and 12.1 % received psychiatric support in the last 6months. A positive and significant relationship was found between the mean score obtained from the alarm fatigue questionnaire and the level of discomfort felt due to the alarms (1-10 points) (p=0.001). Five themes and thirty sub-themes were emerged in the focus group interviews.

The number of alarms of the medical devices in the COVID-19 intensive care units was more than the other intensive care units, resulting in fatigue in nurses. Since alarm fatigue is directly related to patient safety, the effective management of medical device alarms can reduce alarm fatigue and prevent potentially dangerous outcomes.

Nurses care for patients with severe clinical conditions in COVID-19 intensive care units. This situation caused them to be exposed to more alarms. Nurses should make efforts to reduce their alarm intensity.

Nurses care for patients with severe clinical conditions in COVID-19 intensive care units. This situation caused them to be exposed to more alarms. Nurses should make efforts to reduce their alarm intensity.

To systematically evaluate the effectiveness of psychological interventions for women with breast cancer on sexual function, sexual satisfaction, sexual relationships, sexual distress and sexual quality of life.

Sexual dysfunction is common in women with breast cancer and seriously affects their quality of life and marital harmony. Several studies have explored the effects of psychological interventions related to sexual function of women with breast cancer, but results were inconclusive.

A systematic review and meta-analysis based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

A search of PubMed, EMBASE, PsycINFO, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, Scopus, CINAHL, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global, ClinicalTrials.gov. and Open Grey was conducted from inception to 9 May 2021. Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data and conducted a quality appraisal of included studies using the Joanna Briggs Institute critical appraisal chebeen registered on the PROSPERO on 6 June 2021, with the registration number CRD42021253493.

The study has been registered on the PROSPERO on 6 June 2021, with the registration number CRD42021253493.

To examine prevalence of mental health conditions and receipt of mental health care (MHC) by illicit lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) use status (past-year; lifetime without-past-year; never) among young adults.

Cross-sectional, annual survey data from 2015 to 2019 National Surveys on Drug Use and Health (NSDUH).

United States.

A total of 69 916 NSDUH participants ages 18 to 25.

Outcomes included past-year serious psychological distress (SPD), suicidal ideation, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)-IV major depressive episode (MDE), any mental illness, serious mental illness, receipt of mental health care (MHC, inpatient/outpatient or receipt of prescription medications), and number of days of being unable to work or attend normal activities because of mental health conditions.

Multivariable analyses found that compared with those who never used illicit LSD, adults with past-year illicit LSD use had greater risk of suicidal ideation (adjusted risk ratio [ARR] = 1.2, 95% CI =th care and overall mental health care. Regardless of past-year use status, young adults with lifetime illicit lysergic acid diethylamide use may benefit from mental illness prevention and interventions.

Young adults with past-year illicit lysergic acid diethylamide use have elevated prevalence of mental health conditions and are less likely to receive prescription medications for mental health care and overall mental health care. Regardless of past-year use status, young adults with lifetime illicit lysergic acid diethylamide use may benefit from mental illness prevention and interventions.

Transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become the primary treatment for severe symptomatic aortic stenosis in patients >65 years with volumes exceeding surgical aortic valve replacements (SAVR) since 2019. As a less invasive procedure with lower complication rates, TAVR is preferable in most patient populations, particularly those with increased surgical risk. One such population is patients who have undergone solid organ transplant (SOT). We aimed to evaluate periprocedural outcomes and complication rates following TAVR in SOT recipients as compared to the general TAVR population.

The 2016-2018 National Inpatient Sample (NIS) was queried by ICD-10 PCS codes to identify TAVR cases; hospitalizations were subsequently stratified by SOT history. Multivariate analyses were completed to evaluate complication rates, length of stay (LOS), and cost of stay (COS).

No significant difference was observed in mortality rates or post-procedural complications between SOT recipients (n = 223) and those wi, transplant recipients experience no difference in outcomes following TAVR as compared to patients without a history of organ transplant.

Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) frequently co-occurs with eating disorders, especially bulimia nervosa (BN). Theoretical models and empirical evidence show many overlapping risk factors for the onset and maintenance of NSSI and BN. However, among those with BN, it remains unclear what distinguishes those who do versus do not engage in NSSI. The primary objective of the present study was to identify factors predicting NSSI among women with BN. Specifically, we tested four domains of borderline personality disorder as mediators between childhood trauma and NSSI.

Using structural equation modeling we tested a parallel mediation model to predict NSSI among women with BN (N=130). Childhood trauma (measured by the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire at baseline) was the independent variable. The four parallel mediators (measured at baseline via the Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines, Revised) were lifetime negative affect, impulsive actions, atypical cognitions (e.g., odd thinking, unusual perceptual experiences, quasi-psychotic thinking), and interpersonal problems. Epinephrine bitartrate The dependent variable was instances of NSSI during a subsequent two-week ecological momentary assessment protocol.

Childhood trauma was significantly associated with all four mediators (all p values < .01), but only atypical cognitions predicted NSSI (p=.03). The indirect path from childhood trauma to NSSI, through atypical cognitions was significant (path coefficient=.001, SE < .001, p=.01).

Among women with BN, childhood trauma was associated with atypical cognitions, which in turn predicted NSSI. Atypical cognitions may be a mechanism for NSSI in this population.

Among women with BN, childhood trauma was associated with atypical cognitions, which in turn predicted NSSI. Atypical cognitions may be a mechanism for NSSI in this population.