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3%), tearing (n = 111, 12.8%), itching (n = 109, 12.6%), eye pain (n = 83, 9.6%) and discharge (n = 76, 8.8%). Moreover, conjunctivitis had the highest rate among reported ocular diseases in COVID-19 patients (79 out of 89, 88.8%). The results suggest that approximately one out of ten COVID-19 patients show at least one ocular symptom. Attention to ocular manifestations, especially conjunctivitis, can increase the sensitivity of COVID-19 detection among patients.

Uveitis is the third leading cause of blindness worldwide. This study aimed to summarize the pattern of uveitis in Iran through a systematic review.

This review was conducted according to the guidelines for systematic reviews in the following four steps literature search, study selection and assessment, inclusion and exclusion criteria, and statistical analysis.

One hundred and fifteen articles were identified by an encyclopedic literature search, and three independent investigators examined them according to the defined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Eventually, 109 manuscripts were retrieved and six cross-sectional studies covering 3,567 patients were included and reviewed. According to the results, the mean age of patients was 40 years, and sex was not a statistically significant predisposing factor. The most common anatomical pattern of involvement was anterior uveitis, and the prevalence of the other three types of uveitis, including middle, posterior, and pan-uveitis, were almost equal. Overall, the most common etiologies of uveitis in the Iranian population were idiopathic uveitis, toxoplasmosis, Behcet’s syndrome, and Fuchs heterochromic iridocyclitis.

This study depicted the pattern of uveitis in the Iranian society; this can help physicians in the diagnostic approach, management, and treatment of patients.

This study depicted the pattern of uveitis in the Iranian society; this can help physicians in the diagnostic approach, management, and treatment of patients.Drug-induced uveitis is an uncommon but important cause of ocular inflammation. Uveitis can be seen in association with various systemic, topical, and intraocular medications. In this article, we review common medications associated with uveitis. Most cases of drug-induced uveitis resolve with termination of the suspected medication with or without administration of topical or systemic steroids. It is important for clinicians to readily identify medications that may cause uveitis in order to provide rapid treatment, avoid consequences of longstanding inflammation, and prevent costly and excessive laboratory testing.

To determine the appropriate number of histopathological cross-sections that are required for a conclusive diagnosis of giant cell arteritis (GCA).

In this cross-sectional study, the number of sections per slide for paraffin-embedded blocks for 100 randomly selected cases where GCA was suspected and those for negative temporal artery biopsies (TABs) were compared with the number of cross-sections per specimen for eight positive-TABs. All aforementioned examinations were conducted at our center from 2012 to 2016. Then, negative-TABs were retrieved and re-evaluated using light microscopy considering the histopathological findings of GCA.

Ninety-five paraffin blocks were retrieved. The original mean biopsy length was 15.39

±

7.56 mm. selleck chemical Comparison of the mean number of cross-sections per specimen for both the positive- and negative-TABs (9.25

±

3.37 and 9.53

±

2.46) showed that 9.87

±

2.77 [95% confidence intervals (CI)] cross-sections per specimen were sufficient for a precise GCA diagnosis. There was no statistically significant difference in the mean biopsy length (

= 0.142) among the eight positive-TABs. Similarly, no significant difference was observed in the number of cross-sections per specimen (

= 0.990) for positive-TABs compared to those for the negative-TABs. After the retrieval of negative-TABs, the mean number of total pre- and post-retrieval cross-sections per specimen was 17.66

±

4.43. Among all retrieved specimens, only one case (0.01%) showed the histopathological features of healed arteritis.

Positive-TABs did not reveal more histological cross-sections than the negative ones and increasing the number of cross-sections did not enhance the accuracy of TAB.

Positive-TABs did not reveal more histological cross-sections than the negative ones and increasing the number of cross-sections did not enhance the accuracy of TAB.

To present the anatomical and functional outcomes of autologous surgical transplantation of a free neurosensory retinal graft in three cases of recurrent and chronic full thickness macular hole (MH).

A retrospective case series, reporting the profile, preoperative presentation, surgical technique, and postoperative outcome of three consecutive eyes of three patients who had autologous retina transplantation (ART) surgery for recurrent and chronic MHs, and had a minimum of six months follow-up. The technique involved excision of a free neurosensory graft after laser demarcation of the harvest site. The graft was slid under perfluorocarbon liquid (PFCL) into the MH. A five-day tamponade with PFCL was used to secure the graft within the MH and then exchanged with air.

The patients were one female and two males aged 60, 44, and 67 years, respectively. All eyes had successful surgery. Postoperative vision improved from 6/36 to 6/18 in patient 1 and remained same as preoperative vision in the other two eyes. No eye lost vision postoperatively. The main complication of surgery was occurrence of retinal and vitreous hemorrhage in one eye (this did not appear to jeopardize the outcome) and retraction of graft tissue in two eyes.

ART appears to be a safe and effective treatment for difficult MHs. Our results are comparable to previous studies. Short-term use of PFCL can be useful to secure the graft within the MH. Methods of improving visual function should be the focus of further research in this promising area.

ART appears to be a safe and effective treatment for difficult MHs. Our results are comparable to previous studies. Short-term use of PFCL can be useful to secure the graft within the MH. Methods of improving visual function should be the focus of further research in this promising area.