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This work presents a quantum associative memory (Alpha-Beta HQAM) that uses the Hamming distance for pattern recovery. The proposal combines the Alpha-Beta associative memory, which reduces the dimensionality of patterns, with a quantum subroutine to calculate the Hamming distance in the recovery phase. Furthermore, patterns are initially stored in the memory as a quantum superposition in order to take advantage of its properties. Experiments testing the memory’s viability and performance were implemented using IBM’s Qiskit library.Fitts studied the problem of information capacity and transfer in the speed-accuracy motor paradigm using a theoretical approach developed from Shannon and Weaver’s information theory. The information processing (bit/s) estimated in Fitts’ study is calculated from the movement time required to achieve the required task index of difficulty but is essentially different from Shannon’s information entropy. Thus, we estimated the information entropy of multiple human movement trajectories and the mutual information among trajectories for the continuous aiming task in Fitts’ paradigm. Further, we estimated the information processing moment by moment. Two methods were considered (1) encoded values encompassing the coordinates of the three dimensions and (2) coordinate values associated with each direction in the three dimensions. Information entropy indicates the magnitude of variation at each time point, and the structure of this variation varies with the index of difficulty. The ratio of entropy to mutual information was examined, and it was found that information was processed from the first half of the trajectory in difficult tasks. In addition, since these values calculated from the encoded method were higher than those from the conventional method, this method may be able to estimate these values successfully.Technology forecasting (TF) is an important way to address technological innovation in fast-changing market environments and enhance the competitiveness of organizations in dynamic and complex environments. However, few studies have investigated the complex process problem of how to select the most appropriate forecasts for organizational characteristics. This paper attempts to fill this research gap by reviewing the TF literature based on a complex systems perspective. We first identify four contexts (technology opportunity identification, technology assessment, technology trend and evolutionary analysis, and others) involved in the systems of TF to indicate the research boundary of the system. Secondly, the four types of agents (field of analysis, object of analysis, data source, and approach) are explored to reveal the basic elements of the systems. Finally, the visualization of the interaction between multiple agents in full context and specific contexts is realized in the form of a network. The interaction relationship network illustrates how the subjects coordinate and cooperate to realize the TF context. Accordingly, we illustrate suggest five trends for future research (1) refinement of the context; (2) optimization and expansion of the analysis field; (3) extension of the analysis object; (4) convergence and diversification of the data source; and (5) combination and optimization of the approach.In this paper, we investigate the mathematical models of discrete memristors based on Caputo fractional difference and G-L fractional difference. Specifically, the integer-order discrete memristor is a special model of those two cases. The “∞”-type hysteresis loop curves are observed when input is the bipolar periodic signal. Meanwhile, numerical analysis results show that the area of hysteresis decreases with the increase of frequency of input signal and the decrease of derivative order. Moreover, the memory effect, characteristics and physical realization of the discrete memristors are discussed, and a discrete memristor with short memory effects is designed. Furthermore, discrete memristive systems are designed by introducing the fractional-order discrete memristor and integer-order discrete memristor to the Sine map. Chaos is found in the systems, and complexity of the systems is controlled by the parameter of the memristor. Finally, FPGA digital circuit implementation is carried out for the integer-order and fractional-order discrete memristor and discrete memristive systems, which shows the potential application value of the discrete memristor in the engineering application field.In order to achieve large-capacity, fast and secure image transmission, a multi-image compression-encryption algorithm based on two-dimensional compressed sensing (2D CS) and optical encryption is proposed in this paper. Firstly, the paper uses compressed sensing to compress and encrypt multiple images simultaneously, and design a new structured measurement matrix. Subsequently, double random phase encoding based on the multi-parameter fractional quaternion Fourier transform is used to encrypt the multiple images for secondary encryption, which improves the security performance of the images. Moreover, a fractional-order chaotic system with more complex chaotic behavior is constructed for image compression and encryption. Experimental results show that the algorithm has strong robustness and security.The age of information (AoI) metric was proposed to measure the freshness of messages obtained at the terminal node of a status updating system. In this paper, the AoI of a discrete time status updating system with probabilistic packet preemption is investigated by analyzing the steady state of a three-dimensional discrete stochastic process. We assume that the queue used in the system is Ber/Geo/1/2*/η, which represents that the system size is 2 and the packet in the buffer can be preempted by a fresher packet with probability η. Instead of considering the system’s AoI separately, we use a three-dimensional state vector (n,m,l) to simultaneously track the real-time changes of the AoI, the age of a packet in the server, and the age of a packet waiting in the buffer. We give the explicit expression of the system’s average AoI and show that the average AoI of the system without packet preemption is obtained by letting η=0. When η is set to 1, the mean of the AoI of the system with a Ber/Geo/1/2* queue is obtainlts about continuous AoI are derived by analyzing the corresponding discrete time system and how the discrete age analysis is generalized to the system with multiple sources. In terms of packet service process, we also propose an idea to analyze the AoI of a system when the service time distribution is arbitrary.Skin lesion segmentation is the first and indispensable step of malignant melanoma recognition and diagnosis. At present, most of the existing skin lesions segmentation techniques often used traditional methods like optimum thresholding, etc., and deep learning methods like U-net, etc. However, the edges of skin lesions in malignant melanoma images are gradually changed in color, and this change is nonlinear. The existing methods can not effectively distinguish banded edges between lesion areas and healthy skin areas well. Aiming at the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges, the neutrosophic set theory is used in this paper which is better than fuzzy theory to deal with banded edge segmentation. Therefore, we proposed a neutrosophy domain-based segmentation method that contains six steps. Firstly, an image is converted into three channels and the pixel matrix of each channel is obtained. Secondly, the pixel matrixes are converted into Neutrosophic Set domain by using the neutrosophic set conversion method to express the uncertainty and fuzziness of banded edges of malignant melanoma images. BI-2493 Thirdly, a new Neutrosophic Entropy model is proposed to combine the three memberships according to some rules by using the transformations in the neutrosophic space to comprehensively express three memberships and highlight the banded edges of the images. Fourthly, the feature augment method is established by the difference of three components. Fifthly, the dilation is used on the neutrosophic entropy matrixes to fill in the noise region. Finally, the image that is represented by transformed matrix is segmented by the Hierarchical Gaussian Mixture Model clustering method to obtain the banded edge of the image. Qualitative and quantitative experiments are performed on malignant melanoma image dataset to evaluate the performance of the NeDSeM method. Compared with some state-of-the-art methods, our method has achieved good results in terms of performance and accuracy.Characterizing complex material consists in establishing the relationship between flow rheology during forming processes and the induced micro-structural state that affects directly the final mechanical properties of the formed parts […].Our everyday reality is characterized by objective information-information that is selected and amplified by the environment that interacts with quantum systems. Many observers can accurately infer that information indirectly by making measurements on fragments of the environment. The correlations between the system, S, and a fragment, F, of the environment, E, is often quantified by the quantum mutual information, or the Holevo quantity, which bounds the classical information about S transmittable by a quantum channel F. The latter is a quantum mutual information but of a classical-quantum state where measurement has selected outcomes on S. The measurement generically reflects the influence of the remaining environment, E/F, but can also reflect hypothetical questions to deduce the structure of SF correlations. Recently, Touil et al. examined a different Holevo quantity, one from a quantum-classical state (a quantum S to a measured F). As shown here, this quantity upper bounds any accessible classical information about S in F and can yield a tighter bound than the typical Holevo quantity. When good decoherence is present-when the remaining environment, E/F, has effectively measured the pointer states of S-this accessibility bound is the accessible information. For the specific model of Touil et al., the accessible information is related to the error probability for optimal detection and, thus, has the same behavior as the quantum Chernoff bound. The latter reflects amplification and provides a universal approach, as well as a single-shot framework, to quantify records of the missing, classical information about S.A ring oscillator is a well-known circuit used for generating random numbers, and interested readers can find many research results concerning the evaluation of the randomness with a packaged test suit. However, the authors think there is room for evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence from another viewpoint. In this paper, the authors focus on Wold’s RO-based generator and propose a statistical test to numerically evaluate the randomness of the RO-based generator. The test adopts the state transition probabilities in a Markov process and is designed to check the uniformity of the probabilities based on hypothesis testing. As a result, it is found that the RO-based generator yields a biased output from the viewpoint of the transition probability if the number of ROs is small. More precisely, the transitions 01→01 and 11→11 happen frequently when the number l of ROs is less than or equal to 10. In this sense, l>10 is recommended for use in any application, though a packaged test suit is passed. Thus, the authors believe that the proposed test contributes to evaluating the unpredictability of a sequence when used together with available statistical test suits, such as NIST SP800-22.