Activity

Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001196134 . Registered on 27 August 2019.

Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12619001196134 . Registered on 27 August 2019.

Salvianolic acid B (Sal B) possesses strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activity. This study aims to explore the underlying mechanism of Sal B to improve the obesity-related osteoarthritis (OA).

C57BL/6J male mice were fed with a normal control diet (NCD), a high fat diet (HFD), or HFD with Sal B (25mg/kg), and mouse body weights and osteoarticular inflammatory factor levels were examined. Mouse chondrogenic cell line ATDC5 were transfected with lncRNA KCNQ1 overlapping transcript 1 small hairpin RNA (KCNQ1OT1 shRNA), miR-128-3p mimic or Sirtuin-1 small interfering RNA (SIRT1 siRNA), then stimulated with Palmitic acid (PA) followed by the treatment of Sal B. Then, inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy of ATDC5 cells in different groups were detected.

Sal B reduced the body weight, decreased the levels of inflammatory markers, and improved cartilage damage in OA mice fed with HFD. KCNQ1OT1 was downregulated in OA mice fed with HFD, and PA-stimulated ATDC5 cells. Sal B protected ATDC5 cells against PA-mediated inflammation, apoptosis, and the inhibition of autophagy, while knockdown of KCNQ1OT1 reversed these results. KCNQ1OT1 was found to be functioned as a ceRNA to bind and downregulate the expression of miR-128-3p that was upregulated in PA-induced cells. Furthermore, SIRT1 was verified as a target of miR-128-3p. MiR-128-3p overexpression reversed the effects of Sal B on inflammatory response, apoptosis, and autophagy in PA-stimulated cells, and knockdown of SIRT1 displayed the similar results.

Sal B exerted a chondroprotective effect by upregulating KCNQ1OT1, which indicates Sal B can used for a therapeutic agent in obesity-related OA.

Sal B exerted a chondroprotective effect by upregulating KCNQ1OT1, which indicates Sal B can used for a therapeutic agent in obesity-related OA.

Early detection of breast cancer (BC) through mammography screening (MAM) is known to reduce mortality. We examined the differential effect that mammography has on BC characteristics and overall survival and the sociodemographic determinants of MAM utilization in a multi-ethnic Asian population.

This study included 3739 BC patients from the Singapore Breast Cancer Cohort (2010-2018). Self-reported sociodemographic characteristics were collected using a structured questionnaire. Clinical data were obtained through medical records. Patients were classified as screeners (last screening mammogram ≤ 2 years before diagnosis), non-screeners (aware but did not attend or last screen > 2years), and those unaware of MAM. Associations between MAM behaviour (MB) and sociodemographic factors and MB and tumour characteristics were examined using multinomial regression. Ten-year overall survival was modelled using Cox regression.

Patients unaware of screening were more likely diagnosed with late stage (OR

[95% CIke.

Mammography attendance is associated with more favourable BC characteristics and overall survival. Disparities in the utility of MAM services suggest that different strategies may be needed to improve MAM uptake.

Lumpy skin disease is a contagious viral disease of cattle caused by LSDV that results in huge economic losses in the cattle industry. This study characterizes LSDV in cattle through clinicopathological and molecular techniques in selected districts of Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia.

A crossectional study was conducted from November 2020 to June 2021 using Real-time polymerase chain reaction and Histopathological techniques to confirm LSDV.

This study revealed that the percentage of positivity of cattle for LSDV was 36.2%. Clinically, cattle infected with LSDV revealed fever (39-41°C), nodular lesions on the skin and mucous membranes, and lymphadenopathy. Histopathologically, affected tissue revealed ballooning degenerations of the epidermis, infiltration of mononuclear inflammatory cells, vasculitis, and intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies. RT-PCR confirmed that DNA extracts from skin biopsies of virus isolates were positive for LSDV.

The present study confirms that LSDV is widely circulating in cattle of selected districts of the Wolaita zone. Thus, effective control measures through regular vaccination and further confirmation of circulating strains of LSDV through detailed molecular analysis should be recommended.

The present study confirms that LSDV is widely circulating in cattle of selected districts of the Wolaita zone. Thus, effective control measures through regular vaccination and further confirmation of circulating strains of LSDV through detailed molecular analysis should be recommended.Kirsten Rat Sarcoma Viral Oncogene Homolog (KRAS) is the most frequently mutated oncogene, occurring in a variety of tumor types. check details Targeting KRAS mutations with drugs is challenging because KRAS is considered undruggable due to the lack of classic drug binding sites. Over the past 40 years, great efforts have been made to explore routes for indirect targeting of KRAS mutant cancers, including KRAS expression, processing, upstream regulators, or downstream effectors. With the advent of KRAS (G12C) inhibitors, KRAS mutations are now druggable. Despite such inhibitors showing remarkable clinical responses, resistance to monotherapy of KRAS inhibitors is eventually developed. Significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms of drug resistance to KRAS-mutant inhibitors. Here we review the most recent advances in therapeutic approaches and resistance mechanisms targeting KRAS mutations and discuss opportunities for combination therapy.

Identification of COPD patients with a rapid decline in FEV1 is of particular interest for prognostic and therapeutic reasons.

To determine the expression of markers of inflammation in COPD patients with rapid functional decline in comparison to slow or no decliners.

In COPD patients monitored for at least 3years (mean ± SD 5.8 ± 3years) for lung functional decline, the expression and localization of inflammatory markers was measured in bronchial biopsies of patients with no lung functional decline (FEV1% + 30 ± 43ml/year, n = 21), slow (FEV1% ml/year, -40 ± 19, n = 14) and rapid decline (FEV1% ml/year, -112 ± 53, n = 15) using immunohistochemistry. ELISA test was used for polymeric immunoglobulin receptor (pIgR) quantitation “in vitro”.

The expression of secretory IgA was significantly reduced in bronchial epithelium (p = 0.011) and plasma cell numbers was significantly reduced in the bronchial lamina propria (p = 0.017) of rapid decliners compared to no decliners. Bronchial inflammatory cell infiltration, CD4, CD8, CD68, CD20, NK, neutrophils, eosinophils, mast cells, pIgR, was not changed in epithelium and lamina propria of rapid decliners compared to other groups. Plasma cells/mm

correlated positively with scored total IgA in lamina propria of all patients. “In vitro” stimulation of 16HBE cells with LPS (10μg/ml) and IL-8 (10ng/ml) induced a significant increase while H

O

(100μM) significantly decreased pIgR epithelial expression.

These data show an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners with COPD, marked by reduced epithelial secretory IgA and plasma cell numbers in the bronchial lamina propria. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of COPD.

These data show an impaired humoral immune response in rapid decliners with COPD, marked by reduced epithelial secretory IgA and plasma cell numbers in the bronchial lamina propria. These findings may help in the prognostic stratification and treatment of COPD.

Scallops are among the best-studied bivalve mollusks. However, adult nervous system and neurogenesis studies of scallops are limited. Here, we studied the localization of neurotransmitters (serotonin/5-HT, FMRFamide, catecholamines) in adult ganglia and larvae of Azumapecten farreri using histochemical and immunohistochemical methods.

We found peptide FMRFamide in all adult scallop ganglia, whereas 5-HT-like immunoreactive (lir) somata were exclusively detected in the cerebropleural, pedal, and accessory ganglia. Scallop larval neurogenesis starts with the emergence of the 5-HT-lir neurons, which are part of the apical organ (AO) at the early veliger stage. Near the AO, paired anlagen of cerebral ganglion (CG) developed. 5-HT-lir neurites of the CG innervate the velum, ventral, and dorsal parts of the larva at the late veliger stage. Scallop pediveligers possess 5-HT-lir CG, pleural ganglia, and immunopositive signals in the developing enteric nervous system. FMRFamide-lir is first detected in dorsal, venlarval neurodevelopment in A. farreri. Immunostaining of neurotransmitters showed that the gross anatomy of adult scallop ganglia, in general, is similar to that in other bivalves, but complicated by the complexity of the structure of the ganglia and the appearance of additional ganglia not described in other molluscs. A comparison of larval neuromorphology suggests that 5-HT-lir structures are more conservative than FMRF-lir structures in Bivalvia. Notably, the latter are much more distributed in scallop A. farreri larvae than in other studied bivalves.The delivery of kidney care, particularly haemodialysis treatment, can result in substantial environmental impact through greenhouse emissions, natural resources depletion and waste generation. However, strategies exist to mitigate this impact and improve long term environmental sustainability for the provision of haemodialysis treatment. The nephrology community has begun taking actions to improve the environmental sustainability of dialysis, but much work remains to be done by healthcare professionals, dialysis providers and professional organisations.High stocking densities, closed animal houses, and elevated concentrations of bacteria, fungi, and the products of their activity, including ammonia and hydrogen sulphide, have adverse health effects. Active techniques used to reduce unfavourable environmental conditions, such as ventilation, sprinkling, bedding sorbents, and nutritional treatments, are not always sufficient to improve the animals’ living environment. The current paper aims to evaluate the effect of radiant catalytic ionization (RCI) on airborne microorganisms, cage microbiological status, gaseous ammonia concentrations, and the haematological status of mice in animal houses. After one week of operation of an RCI system, the number of airborne bacteria and fungi in the experimental room decreased in comparison to the first day of the experiment (p  less then  0.05 and p  less then  0.05 respectively), as did the concentrations of ammonia (p  less then  0.01) and dust. At the same time, the basic health parameters of the mice, determined in the blood, were very similar between the control and experimental room. RCI seems to be an ideal solution to ensure high hygiene standards in animal rooms and houses with limited use of disinfectants or antibiotic treatment of sick animals. An additional, environmental benefit is the limited amount of nitrogen released.