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Bariatric surgery affects gut microbial flora due to the anatomical and physiological changes it causes in the gastrointestinal tract. Understanding the interaction between the gut flora, the type of bariatric surgery and weight loss may help improve bariatric surgery outcomes. This study was designed to compare the effects of Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass (RYGB) and Sleeve Gastrectomy (SG) on two main phyla of the gut microbiota in humans and evaluate their potential effect on weight changes. Thirty morbidly obese patients were divided into two groups and underwent laparoscopic SG or laparoscopic RYGB. The patients’ weight changes and fecal samples were evaluated at baseline and 6 months after the surgery. A microbial flora count was carried out of the phyla Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and Bacteroides Fragilis. Changes in the abundance of the flora and their correlation with weight loss were analyzed. After 6 months, the patients with a history of RYGB showed a significant decrease in stool Bacteroidetes while the reduction in the SG group was insignificant. Firmicutes abundance was almost unchanged following SG and RYGB. There was no significant change in Bacteroides Fragilis abundance in either of the two groups, but a positive correlation was observed between Bacteroides Fragilis and weight loss after SG and RYGB. Bariatric surgery can affect gut microbiota. It can be concluded that these changes are dependent on many factors and may play a role in weight loss.

The value of lung ultrasound in adult hemodialysis has been confirmed. The determination of dry weight in children remains challenging. This study explores the usefulness of lung ultrasound in assessing fluid volume change and the possibility of pulmonary ultrasound as a method to monitor dry weight in pediatric dialysis patients.

This was a prospective observational study. We compared the predialysis and postdialysis B-line scores of the dry-weight group and non-dry-weight group. Changes in body weight and B-line scores were recorded during the dialytic period and interdialytic period, and the correlation was analyzed. Lung ultrasound was performed after the dialysis session every Friday, and B-line score < 10 was considered to indicate that there was no volume overload; the weight was recorded as the target weight.

Fourteen patients were included. A total of 78 ultrasound assessments were performed 30 in the dry-weight group and 48 in the non-dry-weight group. selleck kinase inhibitor The B-line scores decreased after dialysis in all patients (p < 0.001). Thirty-three assessments were performed in the interdialytic period, and 40 assessments in the dialytic period were performed within 1week. Linear regression showed that changes in B-line number were directly and positively correlated with interdialytic weight gain (r = 0.517, p = 0.002) and dialytic weight loss (r = 0.558, p < 0.001). The weight of the children increased gradually without volume overload in two patients during follow-up.

Lung ultrasound can assess the fluid volume change of pediatric dialysis patients in real time. Lung ultrasound could be a valuable method for monitoring dry weight in pediatric dialysis patients.

Lung ultrasound can assess the fluid volume change of pediatric dialysis patients in real time. Lung ultrasound could be a valuable method for monitoring dry weight in pediatric dialysis patients.

Oxythiamine is a uremic toxin that acts as an antimetabolite to thiamine and has been associated with cases of Shoshin beriberi syndrome in adults. We sought to identify whether surgical stress and ischemia/reperfusion injury may precipitate functional thiamine deficiency in children peritransplant.

We retrospectively analyzed a cohort of pediatric kidney transplant recipients. Oxythiamine levels were measured in pre-transplant serum samples by mass spectrometry and tested for association with severity of lactic acidosis in the first 24 h post-transplant. Secondary outcomes included association with hyperglycemia and indicators of dialysis adequacy (DA).

Forty-seven patients were included in the analysis. Median oxythiamine levels differed by modality, measuring 0.67 nM (IQR 0.31, 0.74), 0.34 nM (IQR 0.28, 0.56), and 0.25 nM (IQR 0.17, 0.38) for peritoneal dialysis (PD), hemodialysis (HD), and no dialysis, respectively (p = 0.05). Oxythiamine was associated with 24-h lactate levels (r = 0.38, p = 0.02) and negatively associated with DA (r = – 0.44, p = 0.02). Median oxythiamine levels were higher in patients with poor DA (0.92 nM (IQR 0.51, 1.01) vs. 0.40 nM (IQR 0.24, 0.51), p < 0.01). Sensitivity analysis showed absence of residual association of oxythiamine with 24-h lactate or dialysis modality, but remained significant for DA (p = 0.03). One patient manifested Shoshin beriberi syndrome (oxythiamine 2.03 nM).

Oxythiamine levels are associated with DA at transplant. Patients on PD with no residual kidney function and low DA manifest the highest oxythiamine levels and may be at an increased risk for developing acute Shoshin beriberi syndrome in the early post-transplant period.

Oxythiamine levels are associated with DA at transplant. Patients on PD with no residual kidney function and low DA manifest the highest oxythiamine levels and may be at an increased risk for developing acute Shoshin beriberi syndrome in the early post-transplant period.In the original article, few equations and units were published incorrectly.Norway spruce (Picea abies L.) is among the most sensitive coniferous species to ongoing climate change. However, previous studies on its growth response to increasing temperatures have yielded contrasting results (from stimulation to suppression), suggesting highly site-specific responses. Here, we present the first study that applies two independent approaches, i.e. the nonlinear, process-based Vaganov-Shashkin (VS) model and linear daily response functions. Data were collected at twelve sites in Slovenia differing in climate regimes and ranging elevation between 170 and 1300 m a.s.l. VS model results revealed that drier Norway spruce sites at lower elevations are mostly moisture limited, while moist high-elevation sites are generally more temperature limited. Daily response functions match well the pattern of growth-limiting factors from the VS model and further explain the effect of climate on radial growth prevailing growth-limiting factors correspond to the climate variable with higher correlations. Radial growth correlates negatively with rising summer temperature and positively with higher spring precipitation.