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Of the patients operated, almost 16% were women and 24% were children. Local anesthesia (LA) was used in 40% of the cases, and non-surgeon physicians performed 70.3% of the groin hernia repairs. Conclusion Groin hernia repair outputs need to increase along with the training of surgical providers in modern hernia repair methods. Methods and outcomes for hernia repair in women and children should be investigated to improve the quality of care.The gas-phase reaction between CFCl2O2 and ClO was researched by means of quantum chemical methods. B3LYP method with the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set was used to obtain the geometric parameters of all stationary points including in the CFCl2O2 + ClO reaction. The singlet and triplet potential energy surfaces were characterized at the CCSD(T)/6-311++G(2d,2p)//B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) level. Addition/elimination and SN2 displacement reaction mechanisms were identified on the singlet PES, and only substituent reaction mechanism was located on the triplet PES. The dominant reaction takes place on the singlet PES, and the major pathways are CFCl2O2 + ClO → IM1 (CFCl2OOOCl) → IM2 (CFCl2OOClO) → IM3 (CH3OClO2) → P6 (CFClO + (ClO)2). RRKM theory was used to calculate rate constants, which is consistent with the experimental data. The atmospheric lifetime of CFCl2O2 in ClO is around 8.84 h. TD-DFT computations imply that IM1 (CFCl2OOOCl), IM2 (CFCl2OOClO), and IM3 (CFCl2OClO2) will photolyze under the sunlight. Graphical abstract.The International Society of Urological Pathology (ISUP) hosts a reference image database supervised by experts with the purpose of establishing an international standard in prostate cancer grading. Here, we aimed to identify areas of grading difficulties and compare the results with those obtained from an artificial intelligence system trained in grading. In a series of 87 needle biopsies of cancers selected to include problematic cases, experts failed to reach a 2/3 consensus in 41.4% (36/87). Among consensus and non-consensus cases, the weighted kappa was 0.77 (range 0.68-0.84) and 0.50 (range 0.40-0.57), respectively. Among the non-consensus cases, four main causes of disagreement were identified the distinction between Gleason score 3 + 3 with tangential cutting artifacts vs. Gleason score 3 + 4 with poorly formed or fused glands (13 cases), Gleason score 3 + 4 vs. 4 + 3 (7 cases), Gleason score 4 + 3 vs. 4 + 4 (8 cases) and the identification of a small component of Gleason pattern 5 (6 cases). The AI system obtained a weighted kappa value of 0.53 among the non-consensus cases, placing it as the observer with the sixth best reproducibility out of a total of 24. AI may serve as a decision support and decrease inter-observer variability by its ability to make consistent decisions. The grading of these cancer patterns that best predicts outcome and guides treatment warrants further clinical and genetic studies. Results of such investigations should be used to improve calibration of AI systems.Eculizumab is effective in managing patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH). In South Korea, the financial support for eculizumab therapy is extended by the National Health Insurance Services (NHIS) only to patients with high-risk PNH for approximately 10 years. In this study, we performed a nationwide analysis of the real-world efficacy of eculizumab therapy in patients diagnosed with PNH between January 1, 2002, and December 31, 2016, by using the NHIS database. Patients treated with eculizumab (the eculizumab-treated group) exhibited a significantly higher survival rate than patients not treated with eculizumab (the eculizumab-untreated group), with 4-year survival rates after propensity score matching of 98.31% and 79.67%, respectively (p = 0.0489). The mean red blood cell (RBC) transfusion units per 12 months after eculizumab therapy were significantly lower than that before eculizumab therapy (5.75 units vs. 12.28 units, p less then 0.0001). The median time for the first transfusion in the eculizumab-treated group was significantly longer than that in the eculizumab-untreated group. The 4-year transfusion-independence rate for the eculizumab-treated group was significantly higher than that for the eculizumab-untreated group (20.81% vs. selleck products 10.24%, p = 0.078). There was no significant difference between the two groups in the incidence of new documented complications related to PNH. In conclusion, eculizumab therapy for patients with high-risk PNH may effectively improve the survival rate and reduce the transfusion requirement. Paradoxically, eculizumab-treated patients with severe PNH exhibit a higher survival rate than eculizumab-untreated patients with less severe PNH.Background Preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that immunotherapy has effectively delayed tumor progression, and the clinical outcomes of anti-PD-1/PD-L1 therapy were related to PD-L1 expression level in the tumors. A 131I-labeled anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody tracer, 131I-PD-L1-Mab, was developed to study the target ability of noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging in colorectal cancer xenograft mice. Method Anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibody labeled with 131I (131I-PD-L1-Mab), and in vitro binding assays were used to evaluate the affinity of 131I-PD-L1-Mab to PD-L1 and their binding level to different colorectal cancer cells, and compared with flow cytometry, Western blot analysis, and immunofluorescence staining. The clinical application value of 131I-PD-L1-Mab was evaluated through biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging, and different tumor-bearing models expressing PD-L1 were evaluated. Results 131I-PD-L1-Mab showed high affinity to PD-L1, and the equilibrium dissociation constant was 1.069 × 10-9 M. The competitive inhibition assay further confirmed the specific binding ability of 131I-PD-L1-Mab. In four different tumor-bearing models with different PD-L1 expression, the biodistribution and Cerenkov luminescence imaging showed that the RKO tumors demonstrated the highest uptake of the tracer 131I-PD-L1-Mab, with a maximum uptake of 1.613 ± 0.738% IA/g at 48 h. Conclusions There is a great potential for 131I-PD-L1-Mab noninvasive Cerenkov luminescence imaging to assess the status of tumor PD-L1 expression and select patients for anti-PD-L1 targeted therapy.