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No statistically significant associations were found between specific types of ECE and related Commission on Dental Accreditation (CODA) clinical standards for both formative and summative assessments. Although U.S. dental schools have been incorporating more ECE into their curricula over the past decade, these findings suggest that it has not led to earlier clinical competency assessments. © 2019 American Dental Education Association.Ventricular arrhythmias (VA) are not uncommon after continuous-flow left ventricular assist device (CF-LVAD) implantation. In this systematic review, we sought to identify the patterns of VA that occurred following CF-LVAD implantation and evaluate their outcomes. An electronic search was performed to identify all articles reporting the development of VA following CF-LVAD implantation. VA was defined as any episode of ventricular fibrillation (VF) or sustained (>30 seconds) ventricular tachycardia (VT). Eleven studies were pooled for the analysis that included 393 CF-LVAD patients with VA. The mean patient age was 57 years [95%CI 54; 61] and 82% [95%CI 73; 88] were male. Overall, 37% [95%CI 19; 60] of patients experienced a new onset VA after CF-LVAD implantation, while 60% [95%CI 51; 69] of patients had a prior history of VA. Overall, 88% of patients [95%CI 78; 94] were supported on HeartMate II CF-LVAD, 6% [95%CI 3; 14] on HeartWare HVAD, and 6% [95%CI 2; 13] on other CF-LVADs. VA was symptomatic in 47% [95%CI 28; 68] of patients and in 50% [95%CI 37; 52], early VA ( less then 30 days from CF-LVAD) was observed. The 30-day mortality rate was 7% [95%CI 5; 11]. Mean follow-up was 22.9 months [95%CI 4.8; 40.8], during which 27% [95%CI 17; 39] of patients underwent heart transplantation. CDK inhibitor In conclusion, approximately a third of patients had new VA following CF-LVAD placement. VA in CF-LVAD patients is often symptomatic, necessitates treatment, and carries a worse prognosis. © 2020 International Center for Artificial Organs and Transplantation and Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Extraction of mamao luang (hereafter called mamao) with different solvents and varying solid to liquid (SL) ratio was conducted to verify its antioxidant activities. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content, total monomeric anthocyanin content, and antioxidant activities, namely, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) of the unrefined extracts, were analyzed. The extraction with 70% acetone and 70% methanol and the SL ratio of 130 seemed to be more appropriate and gave significantly (P less then  0.05) higher values of the previously mentioned properties. Whole ground fruits were then incorporated into the blended chicken patties to compare their antioxidant and antimicrobial properties with butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA). During refrigeration storage of 20 days, the highest level (1,000 mg TPC/kg meat) could retard lipid oxidation relatively comparable to the efficiency of BHA (200 ppm). However, when microbiological aspect was considered together, a limited storage of 12 days was consequently suggested. PRACTICAL APPLICATION Mamao fruit is a splendid source of phenolic compounds. The antioxidant properties have been demonstrated using DPPH and FRAP assay. The suitable type of solvent and SL ratio were provided for the extraction. Our findings have shown that addition of mamao, a source of natural antioxidants, especially at the highest level increased oxidative stability of chicken patties. The research outcomes identify the potential bioactive compound and provide beneficial information related to the feasibility of incorporation of mamao phenolics as antioxidant agents in suitable food matrices. However, further investigation is still required for successful application in meat and meat products. © 2020 Institute of Food Technologists®.BACKGROUND The aetiology of deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) is still largely unknown. AIM The aim of the study was to elucidate the occurrence of DMH as a function of the parameters of bone metabolism, as it is suspected that abnormalities in these parameters may affect the mineralisation of teeth. DESIGN In a prospective cohort study, 958 children aged 1-6 years were examined. The inclusion criteria were a blood sample to determine the parameters of bone metabolism; and documentation of enamel mineralisation using the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria. Multivariable methods were applied to analyse the incidence of DMH relative to the concentrations of serum calcium, phosphate, vitamin D, vitamin B12 and alkaline phosphatase, taking into account the effects of age, gender and height. RESULTS The proportion of children diagnosed with DMH was 4.0% (38 of 958). A significant difference between DMH-affected and non-DMH-affected children was found only in the serum concentration of calcium (2.47 ± 0.08 mmol/l vs. 2.52 ± 0.10 mmol/l, respectively, P = 0.004). The risk of DMH significantly increased, by 1.63-fold (95% CI 1.03-2.57), if the calcium level dropped by 0.1 mmol/l, regardless of age, gender or adjusted height. During the follow-up examination of 17 DMH-affected subjects, the calcium level remained consistently low 1 year later (t-test, P > 0.05). CONCLUSION Children with DMH showed consistently subclinically lower serum calcium levels. No associations were found for other parameters. © 2020 The Authors. International Dental Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of World Dental Federation.Metallic materials are known to be very sensitive to Gallium (Ga) focused ion beam (FIB) processing. Crystal defects formed by FIB irradiation degrade the transmission electron microscope image quality, and it is difficult to distinguish original defects from FIB process-induced damage. A solution to this problem is the low acceleration voltage and low incident angle (LVLA) Argon ion milling, which can be incorporated as an extensional countermeasure for FIB damage removal and eventually for preparation of high-quality lamellae. The transmission electron microscope image quality of iron single crystal could be improved by removing crystal defects using the low acceleration voltage and low incident angle Argon ion milling finish. Lamella quality of the processing result was almost similar with that of the conventional electrolytic polishing. As a practical application of the process, low damage lamella of stainless cast steel could be prepared. Effectiveness of the FIB system equipped with the low acceleration voltage and low incident angle Argon ion milling function as a tool to make high-quality metallic material lamellae is illustrated.