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This data can be used to develop age- and gender-specific prevention campaigns to reduce the risk of burn injury.Alveolar ridge preservation maintains ridge dimensions and bone quality for implant placement. The aim of this randomized controlled clinical study is to compare the use of a human amnion-chorion membrane to a collagen membrane in an exposed-barrier ridge preservation technique. Furthermore, this study will determine if intentional membrane exposure compromises ridge dimensions and bone vitality.Forty-three patients requiring extraction and delayed implant placement were randomly assigned into either the experimental or control group. Twenty-one participants received human amnion-chorion membrane (test) during ridge preservation while twenty-two participants received the collagen membrane (control). ε-poly-L-lysine In both groups, demineralized freeze-dried bone allografts were used to graft the socket and primary closure was not achieved.The patients underwent implant placement after an average healing period of 19.5 weeks, and 2.7 X 8-mm core bone specimens were obtained for histomorphometric analyses. The clinical ridge dimensions were measured after extraction and at the time of delayed implant placement. No significant difference was observed in the mean vital bone formation between the experimental (51.72 ± 8.46%) and control (49.96 ± 8.31%; P > 0.05) groups. The bone height and width did not differ, as determined by clinical measurements (P > 0.05). Using either a human amnion-chorion membrane or type 1 bovine collagen as the open barrier did not change healing, compromise ridge dimensions, or affect bone vitality between the two groups.Over the last two decades, misuse of 4-fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) became an emerging issue in many European countries. Stimulating effects last for 4-6 hours and can impact psychomotor performance. The metabolism of amphetamine-type stimulants is stereoselective and quantification of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers has been suggested for assessing time of use. To date no data on enantioselective pharmacokinetics is available for 4-FA in serum samples. An enantioselective liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS-MS) method was developed using a chiral Phenomenex® Lux 3 μm AMP column. Validation of the method showed satisfactory selectivity, sensitivity, linearity (0.5-250 ng/mL), precision and accuracy. Recreational stimulant users orally ingested two doses (100 mg, n=12, and 150 mg, n=5) of 4-FA. Blood samples were drawn prior to application and over a period of 12 hours after ingestion and analyzed for 4-FA enantiomers. Peak concentrations and corresponding times did not differ significantly between the enantiomers (mean (R)/(S)-ratio at tmax 1.05, 0.85-1.16). With mean 12.9 (8.3-16.1) hours, apparent elimination half-lives (t1/2) were significantly (p less then 0.01) longer for (R)-4-FA than for (S)-4-FA (6.0 hours; range 4.4-10.2 hours) and independent of the dose given. Over time, (R)/(S)-concentration-ratios were linearly increasing in all subjects to maximum ratios of 2.00 (1.08-2.77) in the last samples (after 12 hours). The slopes of the (R)/(S)-ratio exhibited marked inter-individual differences (0.023 to 0.157 h-1, mean 0.095 h-1). Ratios higher than 1.60 only appeared earliest after a minimum of 6 hours and therefore suggest the absence of acute drug effects. Different elimination half-lives of enantiomers lead to constantly increasing (R)/(S)-concentration-ratios. Consequently, ratios of 4-FA enantiomers in serum are a promising indicator for assessment of the time of drug consumption.

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) can cause congenital infection and is the leading cause of nongenetic newborn disabilities. V160, a conditionally replication-defective virus, is an investigational vaccine under evaluation for prevention of congenital CMV. The vaccine was well tolerated and induced both humoral and cellular immunity in CMV-seronegative trial participants [NCT10986010]. T-cell mediated immunity is important for immune control of CMV. Here we describe efforts to understand the quality attributes of the T-cell responses induced by vaccination.

Using multicolor flow cytometry, we analyzed vaccine-induced T-cells for memory phenotype, antigen specificity, cytokine profiles, and cytolytic potential. Moreover, antigen-specific T-cells were sorted from four participants and next generation sequencing was used to trace clonal lineage development during the course of vaccination using T-cell receptor β-chain (TCRβ) sequences as identifiers.

The results demonstrated that vaccination elicited polyfunctional CD4 and CD8 T-cells to two dominant antigens, pp65 and IE1, with a predominantly effector phenotype. Analysis of TCR repertoires showed polyclonal expansion of pp65- and IE1-specific T-cells after vaccination.

V160 induced a genetically diverse and polyfunctional T-cell response and the data support further clinical development of V160 for prevention of CMV infection and congenital transmission.

V160 induced a genetically diverse and polyfunctional T-cell response and the data support further clinical development of V160 for prevention of CMV infection and congenital transmission.

Nutritional interventions stimulate muscle protein synthesis in older adults. To optimize muscle mass preservation and gains, several factors, including type, dose, frequency, timing, duration, and adherence have to be considered.

This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to summarize these factors influencing the efficacy of nutritional interventions on muscle mass in older adults.

A systematic search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and SPORTDiscus from inception date to November 22, 2017, in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Inclusion criteria included randomized controlled trials, mean or median age ≥65 years, and reporting muscle mass at baseline and postintervention. Exclusion criteria included genetically inherited diseases, anabolic drugs or hormone therapies, neuromuscular electrical stimulation, chronic kidney disease, kidney failure, neuromuscular disorders, and cancer.