Activity

001), with improvements maintained or increased at week 52 (p<0.001). There was no significant interaction between ECRS subgroup (non-/mild or moderate/severe) and dupilumab treatment effect for all endpoints at weeks 24 and 52 (p>0.05), except LMK-CT at week 24 (p=0.0275). Similar results were seen for the secondary endpoints. Dupilumab was well tolerated across all ECRS subgroups.

Dupilumab produced consistent improvement in symptoms of severe CRSwNP irrespective of ECRS status. Therefore, blood eosinophil level may not be a suitable biomarker for dupilumab efficacy in CRSwNP.

Dupilumab produced consistent improvement in symptoms of severe CRSwNP irrespective of ECRS status. Therefore, blood eosinophil level may not be a suitable biomarker for dupilumab efficacy in CRSwNP.Bone is a metabolically active organ that undergoes constant remodeling throughout life. A failure of this process leads to pathological destructive bone diseases such as osteoporosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and osteoarthritis. Studies of the interplay between adipose tissue and bone system, have revealed that adipose tissue disorders (e.g. obesity) strongly influence the development of bone diseases. Adipokines secreted by adipose tissue play important roles in the crosstalk between bone and adipose tissue. Recently, extracellular vesicles (EVs) have been identified as a novel method of communication between different organs and have attracted increased attention in the field of bone remodeling process. Adipokines carried by EVs are known to play pivotal roles in bone remodeling processes including osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. In this review, we highlighted the role of adipose tissue derived EVs (EVs-AT) in the context of bone remodeling events and focused on the characteristics of EVs-AT and their components in the regulation of bone diseases. Moreover, we introduced the intriguing therapeutic application of EVs-AT in different pathological destructive bone diseases and proposed future directions for research on EVs-AT in bone diseases.

Despite recommendations that pre-school children use toothpaste containing 500-550ppm of fluoride, there has been an increase in non-fluoridated toothpastes marketed for children. This study investigated children’s toothpaste in Australia.

A comprehensive audit of all toothpastes marketed for pre-school children and available in store in the Macarthur region of NSW, Australia, was carried out. All toothpastes available for purchase were obtained and examined; size and price were catalogued, along with ingredient lists and fluoride levels.

One hundred and seven individual toothpastes were identified in the audit, with 67 (62.6%) containing no fluoride. Of the 40 fluoridated toothpastes, only 11 (10.3%) contained the recommended level of fluoride of 500-550ppm. Twenty-two (20.6%) of all toothpastes were made in Australia, all of which were non-fluoridated. Six (5.6%) of the toothpastes studied contained excessive levels of fluoride (1350-1500ppm). Seventeen of the 20 least expensive toothpastes contained fluoride, while 18 of the 20 most expensive toothpastes were non-fluoridated.

Despite expert recommendations, the majority of children’s toothpaste available in Australia contains either no fluoride or the wrong levels of fluoride. Further study is needed to determine why this change is occurring and what is influencing the increase in non-fluoride toothpastes on the market.

Despite expert recommendations, the majority of children’s toothpaste available in Australia contains either no fluoride or the wrong levels of fluoride. Further study is needed to determine why this change is occurring and what is influencing the increase in non-fluoride toothpastes on the market.Rice blast disease caused by the filamentous Ascomycetous fungus Magnaporthe oryzae is a major threat to rice production worldwide. The mechanisms underlying rice resistance to M. oryzae, such as transcriptional reprogramming and signalling networks, remain elusive. In this study, we carried out an in-depth comparative transcriptome study on the susceptible and resistant rice cultivars in response to M. oryzae. Our analysis highlighted that rapid, high-amplitude transcriptional reprogramming was important for rice defence against blast fungus. Ribosome- and protein translation-related genes were significantly enriched among differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at 12 hpi in both cultivars, indicating that the protein translation machinery is regulated in the activation of immunity in rice. Furthermore, we identified a core set of genes that are involved in the rice response to both biotic and abiotic stress. More importantly, among the core genes, we demonstrated that the metallothionein OsMT1a and OsMT1b genes positively regulated rice resistance while a peroxidase gene Perox4 negatively regulated rice resistance to M. oryzae. Our study provides novel insight into transcriptional reprogramming and serves as a valuable resource for functional studies on rice immune signalling components in resistance to blast disease.

Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) is a common infectious disease. TPX-0005 concentration Age, sex and breed might influence the type of clinical and pathological manifestations that dogs develop. The main objective of this retrospective cross-sectional study was to determine if an association between age, sex, breed and size and the clinical findings of CanL exists.

Dogs with a diagnosis of leishmaniosis were enrolled (n=123). Clinical information, including signalment, clinical signs and laboratory abnormalities, was retrieved from medical records from different veterinary facilities from Catalonia.

Young dogs developed less frequently systemic signs (p=0.0046), renal (p=0.0019) and haematologic (p=0.0275) abnormalities, while dermatologic signs were more common in young and adult dogs compared with old ones (p=0.0451). Young dogs showed proteinuria less often than adult and old dogs (p=0.0029). Young dogs did not present renal azotemia, while old dogs showed occasionally renal azotemia (p=0.0478). Young dogs were mainly classified as mild-moderate LeishVet clinical stages of the disease, and very rarely as severe-very severe LeishVet clinical stages, compared with adult and old dogs (p=0.0457). Purebred dogs significantly developed ulcerative dermatitis more frequently than crossbred dogs (p=0.0460).

This study describes that age is associated with differences in clinicopathological findings of CanL.

This study describes that age is associated with differences in clinicopathological findings of CanL.