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5°C. A statistically significantly higher ARR was observed when weekly mean relative humidity dropped below 67%. ARR increased statistically significantly with increasing rainfall. For PM

, the ARR was marginally statistically insignificant. In brief, high temperature, wet and dry conditions, and heavy rainfall were the major risk factors associated with a higher risk of influenza infections.

The present study contributes additional knowledge to the understanding of the effects of various environmental factors on influenza activities. Our findings shall be useful and important for the development of influenza surveillance and early warning systems.

The present study contributes additional knowledge to the understanding of the effects of various environmental factors on influenza activities. Our findings shall be useful and important for the development of influenza surveillance and early warning systems.

Adipose tissue macrophages (ATMs) play critical roles in obesity-associated inflammation that contributes to metabolic dysfunction. Talabostat (TB) exerts some therapeutic effects on tumors and obesity. However, it remains unknown whether the metabolic benefits of TB on obesity is dependent on ATM-mediated adipose inflammation.

Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a normal chow diet (NCD) or a high-fat diet for 12 weeks, and mice were orally administered TB daily at a low dose (0.5 mg/kg).

Administration of TB to mice fed a high-fat diet significantly improved adiposity and obesity-associated metabolic dysfunction, including glucose intolerance and insulin resistance, hyperlipidemia and hepatic steatosis, which were accompanied by increased whole-body energy expenditure. RNA sequencing analysis revealed extensive alterations in the transcriptome profiles associated with lipid metabolism and immune responses in adipose tissue of obese mice. Notably, TB treatment led to a significant reduction in ATM accumulation and a shift of the activation state of ATMs from the proinflammatory M1-like to the anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype. Moreover, depletion of ATMs significantly abolished the TB-induced metabolic benefits.

Our study demonstrates that TB at a low dose could increase energy expenditure and control ATM-mediated adipose inflammation in obese mice, thereby alleviating obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction.

Our study demonstrates that TB at a low dose could increase energy expenditure and control ATM-mediated adipose inflammation in obese mice, thereby alleviating obesity and its associated metabolic dysfunction.Hepatic fibrosis (HF) is involved in aggravated wound-healing response as chronic liver injury. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying microRNA (miR) have been reported as therapeutic targets for liver diseases. In this study, we set out to explore whether adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs)-derived EVs containing miR-150-5p affect the progression of HF. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) was firstly used to induce HF mouse models in C57BL/6J mice, and activation of hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) was achieved using transforming growth factor β (TGF-β). EVs were then isolated from ADMSCs and co-cultured with HSCs. The relationship between miR-150-5p and CXCL1 was identified using dual luciferase gene reporter assay. Following loss- and gain-function experimentation, HSC proliferation was examined by MTT assay, and levels of fibrosis-, HSC activation- and apoptosis-related genes were determined in vitro. Additionally, pathological scores, collagen volume fraction (CVF) as well as levels of inflammation- and hepatic injury-associated genes were determined in in vivo. Down-regulated miR-150-5p and elevated CXCL1 expression levels were detected in HF tissues. ADMSCs-derived EVs transferred miR-150-5p to HSCs. CXCL1 was further verified as the downstream target gene of miR-150-5p. Moreover, ADMSCs-EVs containing miR-150-5p markedly inhibited HSC proliferation and activation in vitro. Meanwhile, in vivo experiments also concurred with the aforementioned results as demonstrated by inhibited CVF, reduced inflammatory factor levels and hepatic injury-associated indicators. Both experiments results were could be reversed by CXCL1 over-expression. Collectively, our findings indicate that ADMSCs-derived EVs containing miR-150-5p attenuate HF by inhibiting the CXCL1 expression.

Recently published criteria by 2019 Cirrhotic Cardiomyopathy Consortium set a lower threshold for reduced ejection fraction to diagnose systolic dysfunction in cirrhotic patients, and stress testing was replaced by echocardiography strain imaging. The criteria to diagnose diastolic dysfunction are in general concordant with the 2016 ASE/EACVI guidelines and differ considerably from the 2005 Montreal recommendations. selleck chemicals We aimed to assess the prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy according to different diagnostic criteria.

Cirrhotic patients without another structural heart disease, arterial hypertension, portal vein thrombosis, HCC outside Milan criteria and presence of TIPS were enrolled. Speckle-tracking echocardiography was performed by EACVI certified investigators.

A total of 122 patients with cirrhosis fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Overall prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy was similar for 2005 Montreal and 2019 CCC 67.2% vs 55.7% (P=.09); and significantly higher compared to 2009 ASE/EACVI erved. Long-term follow-up studies are needed to establish the validity of these criteria to predict clinically relevant outcomes.Anti-müllerian hormone (AMH) produced by granulosa cells (GCs), reserves the ovarian follicle pool for future recruitment and ovulation. However, women who have undergone cyclophosphamide (Cy) treatment have decreased AMH levels due to damaged GCs. This study establishes flow cytometry protocols for identification of GCs and investigates the cause of the Cy-induced AMH decrease by analyzing the number of GCs and their AMH production at the single cell level. Over 2 weeks, C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected 6 times with 100 mg/kg Cy and sacrificed either immediately or 4 weeks after Cy treatment. Twenty-four hours post-Cy exposure, a decrease in serum AMH levels was seen due to a reduction in the number of follicle-stimulating hormone receptor (FSHR)+ AMH+ GCs and their ability to produce AMH. However, 4 weeks after Cy treatment, serum AMH levels were still decreased due to the decreased number of FSHR+ AMH+ GCs, however, their AMH-producing ability was unaltered. Consistently, in vitro, Cy-induced low AMH production in FSHR+ AMH+ hGL5 cells (immortalized human GCs) was restored 24 h after Cy treatment, although their numbers remained decreased.