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Historically, the primary objection to partial gland ablation (PGA) for management of prostate cancer (CaP) has been disease multifocality and inability to localize significant disease. Improved disease localization and risk stratification with multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging and targeted biopsy, along with its minimal adverse impact on quality of life has enabled PGA to gain acceptance. Today, the primary barrier for adopting PGA is its unknown oncological outcomes. Objectives of this review are to provide a rationale for PGA for managing intermediate-risk (IR) CaP; review oncological outcomes following PGA for IR disease; and assess whether there is adequate data to justify PGA for management of IR CaP. There is no consensus how to assess or define oncological outcomes following PGA. We propose the following definitions for oncological outcomes Oncological control (detection of any cancer following biopsy), oncological failure (detection of Gleason grade group >1 on follow-up biopsy), and oncologatment.Patients diagnosed with metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) have ∼12% chance for 5-year survival. The integrity of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that surrounds tumor cells influences their behavior and, when disturbed, it could facilitate local invasion and spread of tumor cells to distant sites. The interplay between von Hippel-Lindau/hypoxia inducible factor signaling axis and activated kinase networks results in aberrant ECM and tumor progression. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are proteolytic enzymes implicated in ECM remodeling, tumor angiogenesis, and immune cell infiltration. Understanding the cross-talk between kinase signaling and ECM proteolysis in RCC could provide insights into developing drugs that interfere specifically with the process of invasion. In this review, we discuss changes in the MMPs/ECM axis in RCC, prominent kinase signaling pathways implicated in MMPs induction, and comment on emerging extracellular regulatory networks that modulate MMPs activity.A new biosensor for detecting l-glutamate (l-Glu) in beef was developed. Firstly, a bare Au electrode was surface-modified by gold nanoparticles (Au NPs), graphene oxide (GO), and chitosan (CS) as immobilized materials, and then its surface was connected with l-glutamate oxidase (GluOx). The modified Au NPs/GO/CS electrode was characterized by scanning electron microscopy, and the formation mechanism was elaborated. The response current of the l-Glu biosensor maximized to 0.08 mA at pH 7.5 and 0.09 mA at 30 °C, with a detection range of 0.2-1.4 mM and a detection limit of 0.023 mM. The l-Glu biosensor had high accuracy, and its results linearly fitted with those of the amino acid analyzer with a coefficient of 0.996. The l-Glu biosensor had high selectivity, repeatability, and stability and detected higher l-Glu content in the cooked beef than in the raw beef.Statement of problem Clinical studies comparing compatible computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) titanium abutments (CAs) and original prefabricated 1-piece titanium abutments (PAs) for posterior fixed dental prostheses (FDPs) on Straumann Tissue Level (STL) implants are sparse. Purpose The purpose of this retrospective clinical study was to compare the performance of posterior FDPs supported by CAs and PAs on STL implants after a mean observation period of 7.2 years. Material and methods Patients who received STL implants and posterior FDPs by using CAs or PAs between January 2002 and December 2012 and returned for follow-up between January 2017 and September 2018 were included in this study. Technical and biological complications of FDPs were examined and recorded. Radiographs were used for the measurement of marginal bone loss (MBL) of each implant. Variables, complication rates, and MBL of the 2 groups were analyzed by using a generalized estimating equation and multivariable linear mixed model. Results Ninety-nine patients with 195 implants in the CA group and 75 patients with 143 implants in the PA group were included. The mean functional time of FDPs was 6.5 ±1.1 years for the CA group and 8.1 ±2.6 years for the PA group. No implant failure was noted in either group. The technical complication rate was 20.8% in the CA group and 26.3% in the PA group. Abutment screw loosening (ASL) was noted in the CA group (8.5%). The decementation rate was significantly higher in the PA group (14.1%) than that in the CA group (3.1%) (adjusted odds ratio=4.40, confidence interval=1.41 to 13.69, P=.011). No significant differences were found between the 2 groups in terms of the rates of ceramic chipping, peri-implantitis, peri-implant mucositis, or mean MBL. Conclusions Using CAs or PAs to support posterior FDPs on STL implants has no significant effect on the incidence rate of biological complications. However, a higher ASL rate and a lower decementation rate were noted with CAs than with PAs.Statement of problem Intraoral scanners (IOSs) are based on light-optical imaging methods. However, little is known about whether the ambient light in dental practices influences the accuracy and scanning time of the IOS. Purpose The purpose of this in vitro study was to investigate the influence of different illuminations on the accuracy of 4-unit and complete-arch scans of 6 IOSs. In addition, the required scanning time was evaluated. Material and methods A reference structure was attached to the first premolars (P) and second molars (M) in both quadrants (L/R) of a maxillary model. The resulting measured distances were M1-P1, M2-P2, P1-P2, and M1-M2. The investigation included 6 IOSs TRIOS 3 (TRI), Cerec Omnicam (OC), iTero Element (ITE), CS 3600 (CS), Planmeca Emerald (EME), and GC Aadva (AAD). With each IOS, 17 scans at different illuminances (100, 500, 1000, and 5000 lux) were performed (N = 408). Resatorvid The precision and trueness for all distances were determined, and the scanning time was recorded. For statice. For 4-unit scans, the effect was not clinically relevant, but for complete-arch scans, accuracy and scanning time can be improved with appropriate lighting.Emerging infectious diseases, such as coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), are driven by ecological and socioeconomic factors, and their rapid spread and devastating impacts mirror those of invasive species. Collaborations between biomedical researchers and ecologists, heretofore rare, are vital to limiting future outbreaks. Enhancing the crossdisciplinary framework offered by invasion science could achieve this goal.