Activity

er radiation therapy the dog has a normal general condition and liver enzymes are within the normal limits.

«PathoCalf» represents a project promoted by the Swiss Federal Food Safety and Veterinary Office. It was the aim of this project to use laboratory diagnostic services for farms raising calves (dairy farms, fattening units, beef cow operations) and dealing with a herd health issue in order to obtain an overview about the spectrum of infectious agents and bacterial resistance patterns in Switzerland. From January 2015 to March 2018, the Bovine Health Service and the farm veterinarian straightened out 148 stock problems on 125 farms. For this, samples were collected from 342 animals. In addition, 98 necropsies were performed. The service related to «PathoCalf» was utilized most frequently related to stock problems with respiratory disease (40,5%; 60/148), gastrointestinal disease (37,2%, 55/148) and fatalities with unknown causation (8,8%, 13/148). The majority of all investigated animals (71,8%) were younger than 10 weeks of age. In calves suffering from respiratory disease, most frequently Pasteurella (P.) mions facilitate the evaluation of stock problems. The systematic assessment of abiotic risk factors remains, however, indispensable for the factorial diseases most frequently found on farms raising calves.

In a previous study that used butorphanol in pigs before castration performed under isoflurane anaesthesia, severe adverse effects were recorded. As in pigs, this has not been reported before, we aimed to investigate the effects of butorphanol in piglets. In this study ten 27 days old piglets were randomly allocated to receive either 0,2mg/kg butorphanol (group B) or saline 0,9% (control group C) intramuscularly. Their behaviour was assessed for 60 minutes by two independent observers from videotapes. Two to 15 minutes after application, piglets in group B showed restlessness, distress and excessive vocalisation. see more Locomotor activity was increased, the piglets laid down considerably less frequently (p = 0,034) and for shorter time periods (p = 0,0014) during the first 40 minutes compared to group C. Group C animals slept most time of the experiment (45,1 ± 2,9 minutes in group C vs 12,7 ± 2,9 minutes in group B, p .

In a previous study that used butorphanol in pigs before castration performed under isoflurane anaesthesia, severe adverse effects were recorded. As in pigs, this has not been reported before, we aimed to investigate the effects of butorphanol in piglets. In this study ten 27 days old piglets were randomly allocated to receive either 0,2 mg/kg butorphanol (group B) or saline 0,9% (control group C) intramuscularly. Their behaviour was assessed for 60 minutes by two independent observers from videotapes. Two to 15 minutes after application, piglets in group B showed restlessness, distress and excessive vocalisation. Locomotor activity was increased, the piglets laid down considerably less frequently (p = 0,034) and for shorter time periods (p = 0,0014) during the first 40 minutes compared to group C. Group C animals slept most time of the experiment (45,1 ± 2,9 minutes in group C vs 12,7 ± 2,9 minutes in group B, p .

Saliva samples from chewing ropes are a reliable diagnostic of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) infections. The aim of this study was to test whether saliva samples taken with saliva swabs (cotton swabs and GenoTube Livestock) or with chewing ropes are suitable for monitoring PRRSV in unsuspicious farms, this means to detect a prevalence of 20% infected animals with a 95% probability. Saliva samples were collected from 12-16 pens in five pig farms by using a chewing rope for collective samples and by individual saliva swaps from five randomly selected animals per pen. A total of 291 animals from 58 pens in four study farms and 60 animals from 12 pens in one control farm were collected. The samples were taken from all age categories. According to the current monitoring system the analysis of five individual serum samples from the same pens served as the reference method for the relative sensitivity of the saliva samples. Serum and chewing rope samples were tested by ELISA for antibms. Easy handling and lower examination costs of the chewing rope method allow higher testing frequency and would therefore improve the monitoring system. However, they are not an alternative to serum samples. Sampling with saliva swabs is unsuitable.Drug resistant Plasmodium parasites are a major threat to malaria control and elimination. After reports of high levels of multidrug resistant P. falciparum and P. vivax in Indonesia, in 2005, the national first-line treatment policy for uncomplicated malaria was changed in March 2006, to dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine against all species. This study assessed the temporal trends in ex vivo drug susceptibility to chloroquine (CQ) and piperaquine (PIP) for both P. falciparum and P. vivax clinical isolates collected between 2004 and 2018, by using schizont maturation assays, and genotyped a subset of isolates for known and putative molecular markers of CQ and PIP resistance by using Sanger and next generation whole genome sequencing. The median CQ IC50 values varied significantly between years in both Plasmodium species, but there was no significant trend over time. In contrast, there was a significant trend for increasing PIP IC50s in both Plasmodium species from 2010 onwards. Whereas the South American CQ resistant 7G8 pfcrt SVMNT isoform has been fixed since 2005 in the study area, the pfmdr1 86Y allele frequencies decreased and became fixed at the wild-type allele in 2015. In P. vivax isolates, putative markers of CQ resistance (no pvcrt-o AAG (K10) insertion and pvmdr1 Y967F and F1076L) were fixed at the mutant alleles since 2005. None of the putative PIP resistance markers were detected in P. falciparum. The ex vivo drug susceptibility and molecular analysis of CQ and PIP efficacy for P. falciparum and P. vivax after 12 years of intense drug pressure with DHP suggests that whilst the degree of CQ resistance appears to have been sustained, there has been a slight decline in PIP susceptibility, although this does not appear to have reached clinically significant levels. The observed decreasing trend in ex vivo PIP susceptibility highlights the importance of ongoing surveillance.