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This study examined the predictive validity of three assessment instruments for violent youth, the SAVRY, the VRS-YV, and the SAPROF-YV. Files relating to a sample of 233 young male offenders aged between 12 and 18 years were retrospectively reviewed to score each instrument, with reoffending data extracted from prison, community and juvenile justice records. The analysis showed that all three assessments predicted general (any) reoffending better than violent and non-violent reoffending, with higher rates of predictive validity for the SAVRY and VRS-YV Total Scores. There were, however, only small to moderate effect sizes at 1- and 3-year follow up periods for all three instruments in predicting all types of reoffending. read more The SAPROF-YV had a small effect size for the prediction of violent reoffending and did not add incrementally to the predictive validity (for violent reoffending) of the SAVRY or VRS-YV.Introduction Thanks to antiretroviral therapy (ART), persons living with HIV (PLWH), have a longer life expectancy. However, immune activation and inflammation remain elevated, even after viral suppression, and contribute to morbidity and mortality in these individuals. Areas covered We review aspects related to immune activation and inflammation in PLWH, their consequences, and the potential strategies to reduce immune activation in HIV-infected individuals on ART. Expert opinion When addressing a problem, it is necessary to thoroughly understand the topic. This is the main limitation faced when dealing with immune activation and inflammation in PLWH since there is no consensus on the ideal markers to evaluate immune activation or inflammation. To date, the different interventions that have addressed this problem by targeting specific mediators have not been able to significantly reduce immune activation or its consequences. Given that there is currently no curative intervention for HIV infection, more studies are necessary to understand the mechanism underlying immune activation and help to identify potential therapeutic targets that contribute to improving the life expectancy of HIV-infected individuals.When a patient harbors two or more neuroendocrine tumors (NETs), it can be difficult to determine whether they are double primary tumors or metastases. A 60-year-old man complained of voice change lasting 1 month. On physical examination and imaging, a 1.8-cm mass was observed in his epiglottis, and a laser epiglottectomy was performed. Upon microscopic examination, the tumor consisted of medium-sized ovoid or short spindle cells. Immunohistochemical staining of the tumor cells was positive for synaptophysin, chromogranin, and calcitonin but negative for CD56; the Ki-67 proliferation index was approximately 5%. The patient was diagnosed with atypical carcinoid tumor. In 2015, a hypermetabolic endobronchial tumor was identified in the left lower lobe by positron emission tomography-computed tomography. Bronchoscopic biopsy revealed palisading large tumor cells with high nuclear-cytoplasmic ratio, frequent mitoses, and necrosis. The tumor cells were positive for CD56 and negative for cytokeratin-7, thyroid transcription factor-1, P40, synaptophysin, chromogranin, and calcitonin; the Ki-67 proliferation index was approximately 90%. Overall histologic findings were consistent with large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma rather than metastatic atypical carcinoid tumor. Detailed clinical and pathological review are essential to differentiate between metastatic NET and double primary NETs and, therefore, to provide the best management of the patient.

Depression occurs in 7-13% of pregnant women and is associated with increased risk during pregnancy including increased rates of cesarean delivery, preterm birth, and preeclampsia. Prenatal care is thought to decrease adverse outcomes in pregnancy. This study aimed to examine how delayed access to prenatal care affects maternal and neonatal outcomes in a cohort of women suffering from depression.

This is a retrospective cohort study of linked vital statistics and hospital discharge data among singleton, non-anomalous births in California between 2005 and 2008 comparing outcomes of all women with depression who received prenatal care prior to the third trimester versus women with depression who received prenatal care only during the third trimester or none at all. Outcomes included birthweight, stillbirth, neonatal demise, preeclampsia, preterm delivery and infant death. Statistical methods for outcome analysis included chi-square and multivariate logistic regression, adjusting for statistically significant and biologically plausible coexisting risk factors such as age, parity, gestational age, ethnicity, socioeconomic status, and substance abuse.

Of the 14,242 women with depression in our sample, those with no prenatal care prior to the third trimester of gestation had higher odds of stillbirth (7.50; 2.34-23.97), neonatal death (4.42; 1.14-17.18), preterm delivery before 32 weeks (2.13; 1.08-4.17), SGA <5% (1.76; 1.10-2.81) and severe preeclampsia (1.92; 1.03-13.58).

In women with depression during pregnancy, receiving late or no prenatal care prior to the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with greater odds of neonatal and maternal morbidities, as well as, greater odds of fetal and neonatal mortality.

In women with depression during pregnancy, receiving late or no prenatal care prior to the third trimester of pregnancy is associated with greater odds of neonatal and maternal morbidities, as well as, greater odds of fetal and neonatal mortality.We investigated incidence, risk factors and outcome for follicular lymphoma (FL) patients with histologic transformation (HT) found at primary diagnosis (discordant/composite, dc-tFL) or sequentially (s-tFL). Between 2000 and 2015, 2773 patients were identified. The majority of patients (2252, 81%) did not experience HT (nt-FL), while 224 (8%) had dc-tFL and 297 (11%) s-tFL. The risk of HT was 2.2% per year and 9.6% at 5 years. Age ≥60, a high FLIPI risk score and LDH-elevation were associated with increased risk of HT. Calculated from primary diagnosis and compared with nt-FL, 5-year overall survival (OS) was inferior in both s-tFL and dc-tFL (nt-FL 82%, s-tFL 68%, dc-tFL 68%; p = .001), whereas 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) was worse only in s-tFL (s-tFL 18%, dc-tFL 58%, nt-FL 60%). Calculated from time of HT, s-tFL had inferior outcome compared to dc-tFL for both OS (s-tFL 47%, dc-tFL 68%, p = .001) and PFS (s-tFL 35%, dc-tFL 58%, p = .001).