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Repression of V. cholerae motility by the fecal extract was confirmed phenotypically, and E. citroniae extracts reproduced this phenotype. A complex in vitro microbial community led to increased motility, as did extracts from B. vulgatus, a species present in this community. Accordingly, mucin penetration was also repressed by fecal and E. citroniae extracts, suggesting that the phenotypes observed may have implications for host colonization. Together with previous studies, this work shows that small molecules from the gut metabolome may have a widespread, significant impact on microbe-microbe interactions established in the gut environment.

Mental health literacy is important as it relates to understanding mental illness, increasing help-seeking efficacy, and reducing mental illness-related stigma. One method to improve the mental health literacy of young people is a digital video intervention.

A scoping review was conducted to map existing research in the area of digital video interventions for mental health literacy among young people.

The scoping review was conducted following the PRISMA-ScR checklist. All results were screened based on our inclusion criteria.

Seventeen studies were selected for analysis. In most studies (

 = 14), a digital video was the only intervention whereas three studies took a multi-intervention approach. Only two of the digital video interventions were co-created with people with mental illness or university students. All studies showed positive results in favor of digital video interventions in at least one component of mental health literacy or compared to one of the comparison conditions.

Digital video interventions represent effective tools for enhancing mental health literacy. However, there is a need for active involvement of end-users in co-creation and to attend to the production quality so that the digital video intervention is as relevant, informed, and effective as possible.

Digital video interventions represent effective tools for enhancing mental health literacy. However, there is a need for active involvement of end-users in co-creation and to attend to the production quality so that the digital video intervention is as relevant, informed, and effective as possible.SummaryAn 18-year-old male patient presented with abdominal pain, nausea, and diarrhea. Subsequent laboratory investigations involving the patient’s blood samples revealed an inflammatory syndrome. Subsequent radiographic investigations (CT scan, MRI, and endoscopic ultrasound with biopsies) led to the discovery of a heterogenic cystic lesion in the tail of the pancreas. Although the investigations orientated the diagnosis towards a pseudopapillary tumor, no certain pathological diagnosis could be obtained. After a multidisciplinary meeting, surgery was chosen as the designated therapeutic option. The patient underwent left pancreatectomy and no complications were encountered. The pathological examination revealed isolated pancreatic tuberculosis. Currently, the patient is under treatment and no longer presents any digestive symptoms.This research investigated the effect of mood on self-reported effort in trying to focus back from mind wandering to ongoing things. We conducted three studies (one correlational and two experimental studies). MK-8617 cell line Study 1 served as a correlational demonstration (questionnaires) of the negative relations between focus back effort and negative mood and between mind wandering and focus back effort at the trait level. Furthermore, a self-reported measure of focus back effort was developed to examine the effect of mood inductions on the ratings of focus back effort in the laboratory (Study 2) and daily life (Study 3). The findings of Studies 2 and 3 revealed that both in the laboratory and in daily life, participants in a negative mood reported lower levels of focus back effort rating than those in a positive mood. Thus, moods modulated mind wandering and an individual’s effort in trying to focus back to some extent. Future work should account for the role of moods in mind wandering or focus back episodes.Deferiprone (DFP) is a metal chelating agent generally used to treat patients with thalassemia, due to iron overload in clinical settings.Studies have revealed that long-term use of DFP can induce hepatotoxicity, however, mechanisms of its toxic action remain unclear. The present studies are aimed to characterize the reactive metabolite of DFP, to define the metabolic pathway, and to determine the P450 enzymes participating in the bioactivation.A demethylation metabolite (M1) was observed in rat liver microsomal incubations. Additionally, a glutathione (GSH) conjugate (M2) and an N-acetylcysteine (NAC) conjugate (M3) were detected in microsomal incubations fortified with DFP and GSH/NAC.Biliary M2 and urinary M3 were respectively found in animals administered DFP.CYP2A6 enzyme dominated the catalysis to bioactivate DFP.

COVID-19 remains a global threat with huge implications on people’s mental health, especially during the period of lockdown. However, little is known about this in the working-age population in Nigeria.

To examine differences in mental health indicators (successful coping, stress and lowered self-esteem) among individuals within the working age of 18-65 years in Nigeria based on their age and self-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19.

In a snowball sampling method, 345 participants (219 males and 126 females) of age between 18 to 65 years (mean age = 34.79,

 = 11.18) were recruited from 16 April through 1 May 2020, via online survey containing demographics and studied variables.

Age and self-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 have significant separate influence on coping, stress and self-esteem. Younger individuals scored lower in coping and self-esteem; and higher in stress. However, individuals who scored low in self-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 were higher in coping and self-esteem; and lower in stress.

Age and self-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 are vital in determining levels of coping, stress and self-esteem among working-age population in Nigeria during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological interventions are suggested to improve emotional and behavioural adjustments; and personal value during the pandemic.

Age and self-perceived vulnerability to COVID-19 are vital in determining levels of coping, stress and self-esteem among working-age population in Nigeria during COVID-19 pandemic. Psychological interventions are suggested to improve emotional and behavioural adjustments; and personal value during the pandemic.