Activity

First, to compare the upper airway’s anatomic and aerodynamic characteristics of the edentulous older adults who experience mild, moderate, and severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Second, to examine the correlation between the severity of OSA and the anatomic and aerodynamic characteristic(s) of the upper airway in these edentulous individuals.

NewTom5G cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans of 58 edentulous individuals with mild, moderate, and severe OSA were included in this analysis. 1) Computational models of the upper airway were reconstructed based on CBCT images and the anatomical and aerodynamic characteristics of the upper airway were examined by an observer blind to OSA severity. 2) Pearson correlation analysis was used to determine the correlation between apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) and the anatomic and aerodynamic characteristics of the upper airway.

Compared with edentulous mild and moderate OSA patients, the severe OSA patient has a more hourglass-shaped upper airway. The severity of OSA,

AHI was significantly correlated with the length, shape, and minimum cross-sectional area (Min-CSA) of the upper airway. During inspiration, the mean velocity of the airflow within the upper airway of the edentulous severe OSA patients was higher than that of mild, and moderate OSA patients. During both inspiration and expiration, AHI was found to be significantly correlated with maximum velocity (p=0.05) and airway resistance (p=0.024, 0.038).

The edentulous severe OSA patients have a more hourglass-shaped upper airway. The findings also suggest that during inspiration, the airflow travels faster in edentulous severe OSA patients than in mild, moderate OSA patients.

Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier NCT01868295.

Registry ClinicalTrials.gov; Identifier NCT01868295.

Subacute granulomatous thyroiditis (SAGT) is an inflammatory disease due to viral infections. Glucocorticoids, especially prednisolone (PSL), are one of the first approaches in the treatment of patients with SAGT. To date, no study has determined the lowest effective dose of prednisolone with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of SAGT. This study aimed to use meta-analysis methods to identify the appropriate dosage of prednisolone with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of patients with SAGT.

This study was conducted according to the PRISMA checklist in February 2021. Two independent researchers performed a search for relevant literature published before March 2021 in English databases including Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar, EMBASE, and also Persian electronic databases including SID, Iran medex, Magiran, and Irandoc. The search algorithm was initially developed by using a combination of MeSH terms, keywords, and also Boolean operators (“n dose of PSL and recurrence rate (r= 0.71; P= 0.013). Begg’s funnel plot there was no evidence of publication bias in these studies (p=0.160).

According to the results of this meta-analysis, 15 to 20 mg/day of prednisolone is the most effective dosage with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of subacute Granulomatous thyroiditis.

According to the results of this meta-analysis, 15 to 20 mg/day of prednisolone is the most effective dosage with the lowest recurrence rate in the treatment of subacute Granulomatous thyroiditis.

Herniarin is a simple coumarin that is found naturally in some plant species. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of herniarin against ionizing radiation-induced genotoxicity and cytotoxicity in human peripheral blood lymphocytes.

Herniarin was added to human lymphocytes before irradiation with a dose of 2 Gy of X-rays. The antagonistic potential of herniarin against radiation was measured by MTT [3-(4,5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H tetrazolium bromide] assay, micronucleus assay, flow cytometry, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level analysis.

The maximum survival of lymphocytes against radiation was observed at a concentration of 50 µM of herniarin and a treatment time of 1 h. Pretreatment with 50 µM herniarin significantly decreased the micronuclei frequency, the percentage of apoptotic lymphocytes, and the ROS level in irradiated human lymphocytes. Moreover, 50 µM herniarin significantly increased the cytokinesis blocked proliferation index in irradiated lymphocytes.

Herniarin could reduce radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. To complete the results of this study, it is suggested that in the future, more preclinical studies with larger samples or in animal models be performed on herniarin.

Herniarin could reduce radiation-induced cytotoxicity and genotoxicity in human lymphocytes. To complete the results of this study, it is suggested that in the future, more preclinical studies with larger samples or in animal models be performed on herniarin.

The active ingredients in the shark liver oil (SLO) mixture were found to be a group of ether-linked glycerol known as alkylglycerols (AKGs). During the last century, initial clinical use of the SLO mixture was for treating leukemias, and later preventing radiation sickness from cancer x-ray therapy. Selachyl alcohol is one of the most abondant AKG in the SLO mixture and it displayed strong activity in reducing lung metastasis number on a model of grafted tumor in mice (Lewis lung carcinoma cells).

In this study, selachyl alcohol analogue containing methoxyl (7), gem-difluorinated (8), azide (9) and hydroxyl (10) group at the 12 position in the alkyl chain were synthesized and compared regarding their cytotoxicity and anti-migratory effects on Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line.

AKGs 7-10 were synthesized according to the literature procedure. The cytotoxicity of the studied AKGs were evaluated by the MTT test and Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cell line (HUVEC) were used as an in vitro model sed. Unnatural synthesized AKGs could be explored as one new source of anticancer agents.

Hip involvement in patients with spondyloarthritis is responsible for disability and functional impairment. Its treatment is not codified. Our study aimed to determine the associated factors with moderate and severe hip involvement in spondyloarthritis patients. It also aimed to assess the efficacy of tumour necrosis factor inhibitors (TNFi) on hip disease.

We conducted a cross-sectional study, including 44 spondyloarthritis patients with hip involvement. Hip involvement was diagnosed based on radiographic findings. We assessed the following parameters Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Radiology Index (BASRI), patient global assessment (PGA), and Lequesne index. We compared these parameters and the mean radiographic joint space width between the time of the study to those right before the use of TNFi.

Hip involvement was bilateral in 31 patients. The mean age was 44.56±12.21 years. There were 29 men. Severe and moderate involvement (BASRI-hip>3) was reported in 21 hips from 75 affected. These patients were older and had longer diagnosis delay than patients with BASRI-hip<3. They had a higher body mass index and more limited spine mobility (BASMI). Functional hip impairment assessed by the Lequesne index was higher in these patients. Rottlerin TNFi prescribed in 23 patients with hip involvement, led to an improvement in the Lequesne index (12.75vs7.5,p0.001) and PGA (7vs2,p0.001). However, the mean joint space width remained unchanged (3.8vs3.7mm,p0.532).

Our study showed that higher body mass and Lequesne indexes are associated with moderate and severe hip involvement. TNFi may improve both the Lequesne index and PGA and stabilize the radiological findings.

Our study showed that higher body mass and Lequesne indexes are associated with moderate and severe hip involvement. TNFi may improve both the Lequesne index and PGA and stabilize the radiological findings.

Raynaud’s phenomenon by episodically reversible constriction of the arteries in the fingers and toes causes pain, numbness, sores, and gangrene. However, the treatment of Raynaud’s phenomenon is one of the clinical issues. Recent studies have shown that botulinum toxin is considered a potential and effective therapeutic option for improving finger blood circulation in patients with Raynaud’s syndrome. In this study, we sought to investigate the therapeutic effect of botulinum toxin type A on exacerbated Raynaud’s phenomenon in patients with scleroderma.

In this prospective study, 11 patients with systemic scleroderma who were referred due to aggravated Raynaud’s were included. For all patients, questionnaires were filled up, and physical examination was performed separately for both treatment and control hands, and then similar volumes of botulinum toxin type A (Botox) and normal saline were randomly injected.

The results showed that there was a significant difference in Raynaud’s score (P = 0.001), Quick-Dash score (P = 0.01), Mc-Cabe cold score (P = 0.003), the mean frequency of recurrences arracks (P = 0.01), pain (0.005) P = 0), skin color (P = 0.01), and duration of Raynaud’s phenomenon (P = 0.006) between the intervention and control groups after two months.

Following Botox injection, a significant improvement in terms of various Raynaud’s parameters as well as the clinical manifestations was observed in the intervention group. Together, botulinum toxin type A could retrieve the hand function, the cold sensitivity, and the painful feeling caused by Raynaud’s syndrome.

Following Botox injection, a significant improvement in terms of various Raynaud’s parameters as well as the clinical manifestations was observed in the intervention group. Together, botulinum toxin type A could retrieve the hand function, the cold sensitivity, and the painful feeling caused by Raynaud’s syndrome.Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), caused by human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), is one of the leading causes of human deaths. The advent of different anti-HIV drugs over different disease progress has made AIDS/HIV from a deadly infection to chronic and manageable disease. However, the development of multidrug-resistant viruses, together with the severe side effects of anti-HIV agents, compromised their efficacy and limited the treatment options. Indoles, the most common frameworks in the bioactive molecules, represent attractive scaffolds for the design and development of novel drugs. Indole derivatives are potential inhibitors of HIV enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase and protease, and some indole-based agents like Delavirdine have already been applied in clinics or under clinical evaluations for the treatment of AIDS/HIV, revealing that indole moiety is a useful template for the development of anti-HIV agents. This review focuses on the recent advancement of indole derivatives including indole alkaloids, hybrids, and dimers with anti-HIV potential, covering articles published between 2010 and 2020. The chemical structures, structure-activity relationship and mechanisms of action are also discussed.As a traditional Chinese medicine, Shuang-Huang-Lian (SHL) has been widely used for treating infectious diseases of the respiratory tract such as encephalitis, pneumonia and asthma. During the past few decades, considerable research has focused on the pharmacological action, pharmacokinetic interaction with antibiotics and clinical applications of SHL. A huge and more recent body of pharmacokinetic study supports the combination of SHL and antibiotics has different effects such as antagonism and synergism. SHL has been one of the best-selling traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) products. However, there is no system review of SHL preparations, ranging from protection against respiratory tract infections to interaction with antibiotics. Since their important significance in clinical therapy, the pharmacodynamic, pharmacokinetic, and interactions with antibiotics of SHL were reviewed and discussed. In addition, this review attempts to explore the possible potential mechanism of SHL preparations in prevention and treatment of COVID-19.