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We situate our analysis in the historical, political, and social contexts to help explain Russia’s response to the novel coronavirus pandemic.Conclusions Avoidance of systemic antibiotic prophylaxis for LTS and anterior ptosis repair procedures was not associated with increased SSI rates. Given that prescriptions of antibiotics carry the risk of side-effects and growing antimicrobial resistance, we feel that our study shows that its routine use in this setting is of no benefit.In 2012, the World Health Organization guidelines for HIV prevention recommended the decriminalisation of sex work as their number one good practice. Although human rights language played a key role in the international scientific and activist endorsement of the WHO policies, since then there have been few initiatives in terms of advancing the kinds of structural and political changes endorsed. In this Commentary, we reflect on sex work’s place in the broader field of the biomedicalization of responses to HIV. The analysis is based on literature reviews and our research trajectories, including preliminary results from a qualitative study on the implementation of PrEP in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. We argue that sex workers occupy an ambiguous and less visible role in current AIDS policies, and that such policies are increasingly characterised by their prioritisation of biomedical approaches over structural factors. These shifts should be understood as part of a broader, global hegemony of clinical responses to HIV prevention and the continuation of a neoliberal discourse around human rights, without adequate investment in the material conditions necessary to guarantee these rights.Objectives. This study aimed to determine the types and frequency of pen-paper observational methods (OMs) used by Iranian practitioners and to identify their errors in selecting and implementing these methods. Methods. This was a systematic review and analytical study of papers in which the OMs had been used. Scientific databases were analyzed from September 1970 to September 2018. Errors were determined based on a list of wrong practices both in the selection and implementation of methods. Three ergonomists carried out the process of identifying errors independently. Results. The most frequently used methods were rapid upper limb assessment (RULA), quick exposure check (QEC) and rapid entire body assessment (REBA), respectively. Errors in selecting and implementing pen-paper OMs were 53.3 and 36.4%, respectively. Conclusions. Despite the abundant number of pen-paper OMs, Iranian practitioners use few of them. The high rate of errors can indicate a lack of knowledge and skills among practitioners for selecting and implementing OMs. The development of decision-making tools may help practitioners to select appropriate pen-paper OMs for assessing different types of tasks.Rapid oral HIV self-tests (HIVST) have potential to increase the proportion of people who know their HIV status, especially among stigmatised populations. This study was embedded in two cohorts of female sex workers (FSW) in the Dominican Republic (DR) and Tanzania. Qualitative interviews with 40 FSW were conducted to explore perceived acceptability of HIVST. Interviews were analysed using inductive and deductive thematic coding. Emergent themes were organised by socio-ecological framework levels. FSW in both settings responded positively to the ease of use of HIVST but questioned test accuracy due to the use of saliva rather than blood. FSW in the DR had a more cautious response, while women in Tanzania had favourable perceptions expressing eagerness to use it. At the individual level, themes shaping participants’ interest included autonomy, HIV risk perception, and emotional well-being for those with reactive test results, and self-efficacy. At the interpersonal level, privacy, confidentiality, sex work and HIV stigma and social support were salient. Structural level themes focused on health systems including linkages to HIV treatment, provider roles, and access (cost, travel, distribution). Understanding FSW’s perceptions and acceptability of HIVST is essential to its integration into health systems and programmes using a community-driven approach.PurposeTau hyperphosphorylation is a modification frequently observed after brain ischemia which has been related to the aggregation of this protein, with subsequent cytoskeletal damage, and cellular toxicity. The present study tests the hypothesis of using glucosamine, an agent that increases protein O-GlcNAcylation, to decrease the levels of phosphorylation in Tau during ischemia-reperfusion.Material and methods Transient focal ischemia was artificially induced in male Wistar rats by occlusion of the middle cerebral artery (MCAO) with an intraluminal monofilament. A single dose of intraperitoneal glucosamine of 200 mg/kg diluted in normal saline (SSN) was administered 60 min before ischemia. Histological brain sections were processed using indirect immunofluorescence with primary antibodies (anti-O-GlcNAc and anti pTau-ser 396). The Image J software was used to calculate the immunofluorescence signal intensity.Results The phosphorylation of Tau at the serine residue 396 had a significant decrease with the administration of glucosamine during ischemia-reperfusion compared with the administration of placebo.Conclusions These results show that glucosamine can reduce the phosphorylation levels of Tau in rodents subjected to ischemia and cerebral reperfusion, which implies a neuroprotective role of glucosamine.Cancer is the second most dreaded disease worldwide. D 4476 It is either acquired or inherited leading to the accompanying undesirable changes in the affected cells. Most existing chemotherapeutic drugs show enormous side effects. To minimize such effects, constant progress has been observed in the field of cancer by screening the anti-cancer effects of different chemical analogues. In the current study, we investigated the mechanism of action of a novel anticancer chromeno-pyrimidine analogue. We employed MTT, LDH assay to study cytotoxicity. DNA fragmentation, fluorescence imaging, and flow cytometric techniques have been carried out to study apoptosis, ROS generation, and cell cycle respectively. Wound healing assay and western blotting were used to evaluate the markers of epithelial-mesenchymal transition associated with metastasis. Molecular docking was used to predict possible protein targets that bind to this compound. The novel analogue induced apoptosis in lung adenocarcinoma cells and exhibited anti-metastatic activity.