Activity

The LC3-II/LC3-I ratio was decreased after ERS inhibition with 4-PBA, but GRP78 and CHOP expressions were enhanced after autophagy inhibition with 3-MA. CSC-induced apoptosis was further increased, Bax expressions and cleaved-caspase 3/pro-caspase 3 ratio were improved, but Bcl-2 expressions were decreased after 3-MA or 4-PBA treatment. In conclusion, the study indicates that ERS may repress apoptosis of BEAS-2B cells induced by CSC via activating autophagy, but autophagy relieves ERS in a negative feedback. This study provides better understanding and experimental support on the underlying mechanisms of pulmonary disease stimulated by CS.

The genotoxicity of cisplatin (CP) as a platinum-based antineoplastic agent due to its oxidative stress induction was well known. In this research, we examined 4-hydroxychalcone (4-HCH) as a natural food that presents flavonoid effects on reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and CP-induced

genotoxicity.

Cytotoxicity of CP and 4-HCH was measured on human embryonic kidney 293 cells with MTT assay. Then, intracellular ROS content at IC50 concentration of CP was measured with 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFDA) dye. Finally, 4-HCH was administered intraperitoneally at 10 and 40mg/kg/BW doses as a pre and post-treatment schedule in a mice model of CP genotoxicity (7mg/kg). Acridine-orange-stained bone marrow cells were quantified for micronucleus presence examination.

The calculated IC50 of CP and 4-HCH were reported around 19.4 and 133.6μM, respectively, on HEK293 cells. Also, it was observed that 4-HCH at 0.2, 2 and 10μM concentrations did not show obvious cytotoxicity. The fluorimetry confirmed that pre-treatment with 10μM and co-treatment with 2μM of 4-HCH could attenuate the CP-induced ROS production (

<0.05 and

<0.01, respectively). Also, the lowest micronucleated cells were seen in 10mg/kg 4-HCH-treated group after CP exposure (39±7.9,

<0.0001).

Our results demonstrated the antigenotoxic action of 4-HCH in CP-treated mice bone marrow cells for the first time in both concentrations of 10 and 40mg/kg especially in the form of co-treatment. Further studies required clinical application of this compound in a combination of CP to attenuate the normal cells’ genotoxicity side effects.

Our results demonstrated the antigenotoxic action of 4-HCH in CP-treated mice bone marrow cells for the first time in both concentrations of 10 and 40 mg/kg especially in the form of co-treatment. Further studies required clinical application of this compound in a combination of CP to attenuate the normal cells’ genotoxicity side effects.Exposure to the herbicides Paraquat and Roundup® may cause cell lesions due to an increase in oxidative stress levels in different biological systems, even in the liver. The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of melatonin on liver of rats exposed to herbicides. A total of 35 rats were randomly divided into seven equal-sized groups control, Paraquat, Roundup®, Paraquat + Roundup®, Paraquat + melatonin, Roundup® + melatonin, and Paraquat + Roundup® + melatonin. Samples of blood and hepatic tissue were collected at the end of the seventh day of exposure and treatment with melatonin. Body weight, hematological parameters, and histopathological, biochemical analyses and determination of oxidative stress levels in liver were evaluated. Body weight was compromised (P less then 0.01). Alterations of hematologic parameters were significant when compared to control (P less then 0.001). Biochemically, serum levels of albumin decreased (P less then 0.001), but serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase increased (P less then 0.001). Histopathology revealed necrotic hepatocytes, portal and central-lobular inflammatory infiltrate, congestion of capillaries. Serum levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances were found to be significantly elevated (P less then 0.05; P less then 0.001), and serum level of reduced glutathione was significantly lower (P less then 0.05; P less then 0.001). The groups treated concomitantly with melatonin revealed results similar to those of the control. However, melatonin acted as a protective agent for the liver against experimentally induced hepatic toxicity, promoting prevention of body weight, oxidative stress, and normalization of hematological and biochemical parameters.We describe a rare complication of Laparoscopic Nissen Fundoplication in the presence of a Gastric greater curvature Plication (LNFGP). An overweight 64-year-old woman was admitted for severe abdominal pain, dysphagia and fever 2 weeks after a Nissen fundoplication. She had pneumoperitoneum on scanner. At laparoscopy, we found a generalized peritonitis secondary to a perforated Nissen wrap in the presence of a gastric greater curvature plication. Gastric bypass and sleeve gastrectomy can be irrelevant in case of moderately and severely obese patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease. Four studies have investigated the risks and rewards of the LNFGP as an alternative. Only one case of leakage has been reported. We present another severe complication the pylorus stenosis caused by a plication performed too close to the pylorus, causing gastric dilatation in the presence of the wrap, leading to wrap perforation.Renal injury after surgical intervention is not uncommon in current urological practice with most complication would be anticipated in high risk patient. Subcapsular renal hematoma is not known complication post some urological interventions such as extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL), percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) and trauma. Few cases of subcapsular hematomas are reported as a complication post ureteroscopy in the literature. Clinical spectrum varies from spontaneous resolution through acute renal failure secondary to Page kidney. Page kidney is the external compression of a kidney usually caused by a subcapsular hematoma associated with high blood pressure and occasional renal failure. It is named after Dr. Irvin Page who first demonstrated in 1939 that applying external compression on the renal parenchyma could cause hypertension. Various management options are mentioned in literature and depend upon the severity and presentation. Yoda1 ic50 Percutaneous drainage is an option for the management of subcapsular hematoma in hemodynamically stable patient.