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We found that the in vivo 3D composite implanted cartilage defect showed significant regeneration relative to the blank and control implant. Immunohistochemical staining showed increase of expression including Collagen type II and aggrecan in 3D composite both in vitro and in vivo studies. In this study, the bioengineered 3D composite by combining dPCG scaffold, chondrocytes, and PRP facilitated the chondrogenic marker expression in both in vitro and in vivo models with accelerated cartilage regeneration. This might serve the purpose of clinical treatment of large focal articular cartilage defects in humans in the near future.Enabling high-performing alkali metal anodes at low temperature and in lean electrolyte conditions is critical for the advancement of next-generation batteries with high energy density and improved safety. We present an ether-ionic liquid composite electrolyte to tackle the problem of dendrite growth of metallic sodium anode at low temperatures ranging from 0 to -40 °C. This composite electrolyte enables a stable sodium metal anode to be deeply cycled at 2 mA cm-2 with an ultrahigh reversible capacity of 50 mAh cm-2 for 500 hours at -20 °C in lean electrolyte (1.0 μL mAh-1 ) conditions. Using the composite electrolyte, full cells with Na3 V2 (PO4 )3 as cathode and sodium metal as anode present a high capacity retention of 90.7 % after 1,000 cycles at 2C at -20 °C. The sodium-carbon dioxide batteries also exhibit a reversible capacity of 1,000 mAh g-1 over 50 cycles across a range of temperatures from -20 to 25 °C.In this chapter, the authors investigate whether students’ participation in the experiential components of co-curricular activities-specifically student organizations-is associated with their perspective taking and engagement in social change.Effective mentoring for leadership development requires nuanced practical considerations. The authors of this chapter outline aspects of effective mentorship, highlight considerations for practitioners and mentoring programs, and offer critical perspectives on mentoring.In this chapter, the author discusses the role of disequilibrium in leadership development and provides tangible examples of ways to employ theories in designing intentional moments of disequilibrium.In this chapter, the authors synthesize research on existing leadership development programs and practices, highlight why some practices are more effective in students’ leadership development than others, draw theoretical connections between the most influential practices and students’ leadership development, and offer a broad conceptual framework about evidence-based practices for students’ leadership development.In this chapter, the authors review the factors that contribute to sociocultural conversations, their outcomes, and potential new directions for research and practice. They also provide ways to incorporate sociocultural conversations in practice.The authors of this chapter describe how leadership educators can create community engagement experiences to foster student leadership. The authors center social justice, critical race theory, and trauma informed practices in order to advocate for justice and equity with communities and students.Using the Aspen Young Leaders Fellowship as a case study, the authors assert that leadership educators have a responsibility to apply critical perspectives to their work with evidence-based practice, which involves interrogating assumptions as well as reconstructing pedagogical and design practices to increase equity in leadership education.In this chapter, the author folds the learning partnerships model into leadership learning experiences for students’ self-authored leadership and offers practical guidance for leadership educators seeking to develop leaders who are authentically empowered agents of change.In this chapter, the authors review and critique the existing evidence supporting current leadership education pedagogical practices and their effects on student leadership development. They conclude with a series of suggestions for increasing deliberate practices in formal courses designed to improve leadership education.In this chapter, the authors synthesize key ideas presented by authors in this issue to leverage evidence-based practice in curricular and co-curricular leadership development. Additionally, they offer guidance for deepening the impact of these practices and broadening their effects to other groups. Lastly, they chart directions for future research on evidence-based practices.Self-improving dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare subtype of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB) characterized by significant improvement in skin fragility within the first few years of life. Genetic inheritance has previously been reported as autosomal dominant or recessive with both forms harboring mutations in COL7A1. To date, there have been no reports of this rare clinical entity from various Southeast Asian ethnicities. Here, we describe the clinical and molecular features of five patients from the Southeast Asia region who presented with predominantly acral-distributed blisters and erosions in the first few days of life. Blistering resolved over several months, without appearance of new blisters. By immunofluorescence, intraepidermal retention of Type VII collagen was observed in all patient skin biopsies when investigated with antibody staining. Genetic analysis of four patients revealed pathogenic variants in COL7A1 which have not been previously reported. The clinical diagnosis in these rare patients is confirmed with molecular histology and genetic characterization.The poor solubility of many nucleosides and nucleobases in aqueous solution demands harsh reaction conditions (base, heat, cosolvent) in nucleoside phosphorylase-catalyzed processes to facilitate substrate loading beyond the low millimolar range. This, in turn, requires enzymes that can withstand these conditions. Herein, we report that the pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylase from Thermus thermophilus is active over an exceptionally broad pH (4-10), temperature (up to 100 °C) and cosolvent space (up to 80 % (v/v) nonaqueous medium), and displays tremendous stability under harsh reaction conditions with predicted total turnover numbers of more than 106 for various pyrimidine nucleosides. However, its use as a biocatalyst for preparative applications is critically limited due to its inhibition by nucleobases at low concentrations, which is unprecedented among nonspecific pyrimidine nucleoside phosphorylases.CO2 reduction reaction (CO2 RR) provides a promising strategy for sustainable carbon fixation by converting CO2 into value-added fuels and chemicals. In recent years, considerable efforts are focused on the development of transition-metal (TM)-based catalysts for the selectively electrochemical CO2 reduction reaction (ECO2 RR). Co-based catalysts emerge as one of the most promising electrocatalysts with high Faradaic efficiency, current density, and low overpotential, exhibiting excellent catalytic performance toward ECO2 RR for CO and HCOOH productions that are economically viable. The intrinsic contribution of Co and the synergistic effects in Co-hybrid catalysts play essential roles for future commercial productions by ECO2 RR. This review summarizes the rational design of Co-based catalysts for ECO2 RR, including molecular, single-metal-site, and oxide-derived catalysts, along with the nanostructure engineering techniques to highlight the distribution of the ECO2 RR products by Co-based catalysts. The density functional theory (DFT) simulations and advanced in situ characterizations contribute to interpreting the synergies between Co and other materials for the enhanced product selectivity and catalytic activity. check details Challenges and outlook concerning the catalyst design and reaction mechanism, including the upgrading of reaction systems of Co-based catalysts for ECO2 RR, are also discussed.

In this study, we hypothesized that standing and supine X-rays lead to different preoperative planning results.

The present study included 168 pictures from 81 patients who were treated surgically with high tibial osteotomy (HTO) for varus deformity between January 2017 and February 2018. Each patient underwent whole leg X-ray examinations in both standing and supine position. On both images, the following parameters were measured degree of axis deviation (DAD), mechanical lateral distal femoral angle (mLDFA), mechanical medial proximal tibial angle (mMPTA), width of medial (MJS) and lateral joint space (LJS), and the correction angle (CA). The results were correlated with the patients’ age and body mass index (BMI). To analyze intra-observer reliability, the same researcher, blinded to the previous measurements, remeasured all X-rays from 10 patients 8 weeks after the initial measurements were carried out.

While mLDFA (P = 0.075), mMPTA (P = 0.435), and MJS (P = 0.119) did not show any differences betwo avoid potential overcorrection, surgeons might consider increased lateral joint spaces on standing radiographs in osteoarthritic knees with varus deviation.

The use of supine and standing X-ray images leads to different planning results when performing high tibial osteotomies for varus gonarthrosis. To avoid potential overcorrection, surgeons might consider increased lateral joint spaces on standing radiographs in osteoarthritic knees with varus deviation.Gold nanoclusters with surface open sites are crucial for practical applications in catalysis. We have developed a surface geometric mismatch strategy by using mixed ligands of different type of hindrance. When bulky phosphine Ph3 P and planar dipyridyl amine (Hdpa) are simultaneously used, steric repulsion between the ligands will reduce the ligand coverage of gold clusters. A well-defined access granted gold nanocluster [Au23 (Ph3 P)10 (dpa)2 Cl](SO3 CF3 )2 (Au23 , dpa=dipyridylamido) has been successfully synthesized. Single crystal structural determination reveals that Au23 has eight uncoordinated gold atoms in the shape of a distorted bicapped triangular prism. The accessibility of the exposed Au atoms has been confirmed quantitatively by luminescent titration with 2-naphthalenethiol. This cluster has excellent performance toward selective oxidation of benzyl alcohol to benzaldehyde and demonstrates excellent stability due to the protection of negatively charged multidentate ligand dpa.The hydrolysis of earth-abundant AlIII has implications in mineral mimicry, geochemistry and environmental chemistry. Third-order nonlinear optical (NLO) materials are important in modern chemistry due to their extensive optical applications. The assembly of AlIII ions with π-conjugated carboxylate ligands is carried out and the hydrolysis and NLO properties of the resultant material are studied. A series of Al32 -oxo clusters with hydrotalcite-like cores and π-conjugated shells are isolated. X-ray diffraction revealed boundary hydrolysis occurs at the equatorially unsaturated coordination sites of AlIII ions. Charge distribution analysis and DFT calculations support the proposed boundary substitution. The Al32 -oxo clusters possess a significant reverse saturable absorption (RSA) response with a minimal normalized transmittance up to 29 %, indicating they are suitable candidates for optical limiting (OL) materials. This work elucidates the hydrolysis of AlIII and provides insight into layered materials that also have strong boundary activity at the edges or corners.