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Mechanistically, we found that roflumilast suppressed the activation of the transcriptional factor AP-1 and NF-κB. Our results suggest that roflumilast might be a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of RA.Immobilization of enzyme on metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has drawn increasing interest owing to their many well-recognized characteristics. However, the pore sizes of MOFs (mostly micropores and mesopores) limit their application for enzyme immobilization to a great extent owing to the large size of enzyme molecules. Synthesis of MOFs with macropores would therefore solve this problem, typically encountered with conventional MOFs. In this work, macroporous zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIF-8), referred to as M-ZIF-8, were synthesized and used for immobilization of Aspergillus niger lipase (ANL). Immobilization efficiency using M-ZIF-8 and enzymatic catalytic performance for biodiesel preparation were investigated. The immobilized ANL on M-ZIF-8 (ANL@M-ZIF-8) showed higher enzymatic activity (6.5-fold), activity recovery (3.8-fold), thermal stability (1.4- and 3.4-fold at 80 and 100 °C, respectively), reusability (after five cycles, 68% of initial activity was maintained), and porosity than ANL on conventional ZIF-8 (ANL/ZIF-8). In addition, by using ANL@M-ZIF-8 for catalyzing a biodiesel production reaction, a higher fatty acid methyl ester yield was achieved.The Permian Lucaogou Formation of the Jimsar Sag in the Junggar Basin, NW China, is one of the largest areas of oil exploration and exploitation in the lacustrine shale sequence in China. Oil is commercially extracted from this markedly heterogeneous formation, which is characterized by frequently interbedded shale and tight reservoirs, although producible intervals within the Lucaogou Formation remain unresolved. This study focused on the Jimsar Sag reservoirs to investigate petrological and mineralogical characteristics, source rock and reservoir physical properties, and the molecular biogeochemistry of core extracts and crude oils. The i-C18/n-C18 and Pr/n-C19 ratios of two-step ultrasonic extracts were applied to infer whether the oil is produced from shale or tight reservoirs, taking into account solvent polarity, molecular characteristics of n-alkanes and isoprenoids, and physical properties of the reservoir. The experimental results indicated that the shallower pay zone is mainly produced from tight reservoirs, while in deeper zone with organic-matter maturity above 1.0%, some of the oil is produced from shale. The reservoir properties in organic-rich shale with vitrinite reflectance (Ro) exceeding 1.0% are improved by pore interconnectivity, and oil mobility is enhanced by high gas/oil ratios, which favors production of free-phase hydrocarbons. Such zones may become major prospects for shale oil exploration and production. The results of the present study can potentially apply to sweet-spot identification and development optimization for the Lucaogou shale and other lacustrine shale sequences.Physical unclonable functions (PUFs) enable different characteristics according to the purpose, such as easy to access identification, high security level, and high code capacity, against counterfeiting a product. However, most multiplex approaches have been implemented by embedding several security features rather than one feature. In this paper, we present a high security level anti-counterfeiting strategy using only labyrinth wrinkle patterns with different complexities, which can be used as unique and unclonable codes. To generate codes with different levels in a microtaggant, we fabricated wrinkle patterns with characteristic wavelength gradients using grayscale lithography. The elastic modulus of the polymer substrate and corresponding wavelength after the wrinkling process were controlled by designing the gray level of each subcode region in a gray-level mask image for photopolymerization of the microparticle substrate. We then verified the uniqueness of the extracted minutia codes through a cross-correlation analysis. Finally, we demonstrated the authentication strategies by decoding different minutia codes according to the scanning resolution during the decoding. Overall, the presented patterning method can be widely used in security code generation.To more quantitatively and subtly analyze effects of carbonation on the pore structure of well cement by supercritical CO2 under carbon capture and storage (CCS) conditions, a digital scanning electron microscopy-backscattered electron (SEM-BSE) image analysis with a combination of nontoxic low-melting point metal intrusion is used to characterize the exposed cements to humid supercritical CO2 for 10 and 20 days. The porous area fraction (PAF) and pore size distribution (PSD) profiles obtained by slicing operation are used to describe the pore structure variation along the corrosion direction in a two-dimensional (2D) plane. The results show that the image-based method with the combination of metal intrusion is an effective method for characterizing the layer structure of exposed cement and getting quantitative information about the pore structure. From the surface to the core, the main altered layers in exposed cement for 10 days include the partially leached layer, the carbonated layer, and the calcium hydroxide (CH)-dissolved layer. For the exposed cement for 20 days, the main altered layers include the porous leached layer, the partially leached layer, the carbonated layer, and the carbonated transition layer. The nonporous carbonated layer can effectively block the flow parallel to the corrosion direction, while the porous leached layer can facilitate the flow perpendicular to the corrosion direction. Findings from this study will provide valuable information for understanding the effects of carbonation on the pore structure of well cement under CCS conditions.The determination of cause of death (COD) is one of the most important tasks in forensic practice and is mainly based on macroscopical and microscopical morphological signatures. However, some CODs are hard to determine because the significant morphological signatures can be nonspecific, variable, subjective, or even absent in the real world. In this study, gas chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (GC-HRMS)-based untargeted metabolomics was employed to obtain plasma metabolic profiles of rats that died from anaphylactic shock (AS), mechanical asphyxia (MA), or sudden cardiac death (SCD). learn more The metabolic alterations of each COD group compared to the control group were investigated using a principal component analysis, partial least-squares discriminant analysis, the Wilcoxon test, and fold change analysis. A range of differential features was screened, and 11, 8, and 7 differential metabolites were finally verified for the AS, MA, and SCD groups, respectively. We proposed some explanatiohe feasibility of GC-HRMS-based untargeted metabolomics as a promising tool to reveal metabolic changes in different death processes and to determine the complex CODs.At present, concentration of explosive dispersal is very difficult and uncertain to measure. Numerical experimentation can avoid this deficiency. Data of particles during dispersal are readily available, including velocity, displacement, and mass. However, there is minimal research on the concentration of explosive dispersal. Existing models used for the calculation of particle concentration neglect measuring the initial condition of particles and cannot, therefore, accurately describe the whole particle dispersion process. Moreover, existing concentration models do not take into account the continuous decrease in the size of particles caused by stripping and evaporation effects during flight, resulting in inaccurate descriptions of the concentration distribution. Consequently, this work derives a model to predict the concentration distribution of liquid and granular material dispersal, considering the two questions above. Concentration can be calculated based on the condensed-phase distribution and gas-phase distribution of the fuel cloud at different times by the model. This model was validated using experimental data on the mean concentration of dispersal and was well fitted. Therefore, it can be used as a tool to predict the dispersal of liquid and granular material, an explosion suppressant in coal mine accidents, and an aerosol fire extinguishant in remote forest fire extinguishers. Moreover, being able to predict the concentration of large-scale dispersal can significantly improve the accuracy and efficiency of secondary detonation.The current investigation employed rosuvastatin for evaluation as an antiarthritic agent by in vitro and in vivo studies. In vitro studies comprised egg albumin and bovine serum albumin protein denaturation assays along with membrane stabilization assays, while in vivo studies comprised formaldehyde and complete Freund’s adjuvant (CFA)-provoked arthritis. The antioxidant potential was estimated via DPPH free radical scavenging and ferric reducing assays. Rosuvastatin significantly inhibited heat-provoked protein denaturation of egg albumin and bovine serum in a concentration-dependent way with the highest inhibition of 1225 ± 9.83 and 82.80 ± 4.03 at 6400 μg/mL. The percentage protection of the RBC membrane from hypotonicity-prompted lysis was found to be 80.67 ± 2.7. Rosuvastatin promisingly subdued formaldehyde-provoked arthritis, with maximum reduction (65.47%) of the paw volume being observed at a dose of 40 mg/kg. Rosuvastatin also significantly (p less then 0.001) attenuated arthritis induced by CFA injection by reducing the paw volume and arthritic index. The reduction in the body weight due to CFA injection was also preserved by rosuvastatin treatment. Hematological and biochemical changes due to arthritis induction by CFA injection were also maintained near normal values by rosuvastatin. The histopathological and radiographic investigation also revealed the protective effect of rosuvastatin on preventing structural changes. Gene expression of IL-1β, TNF-α, and IL-6 was reduced, while IL-4 and IL-10 levels were elevated by rosuvastatin in comparison to those for the disease control group. Concentration-dependent antioxidant potential was shown by rosuvastatin. Thus, rosuvastatin possesses a notable antiarthritic potential as evidenced via in vitro and in vivo studies.Water splitting is the most potential method to produce hydrogen energy, however, the conventional electrocatalysts encounter the hindrances of high overpotential and low hydrogen production efficiency. Herein, we report a carbon-based nanocomposite (denoted as CCW-x, x stands for the calcination temperature) derived from watermelon peels and CoCl2, and the as-synthesized CCW-x is used as the electrocatalyst. The overpotential and the Tafel slope of CCW-700 for oxygen evolution reaction (OER) is 237 mV at 10 mA cm-2 and 69.8 mV dec-1, respectively, both of which are lower than those of commercial RuO2. For hydrogen evolution reaction (HER), the overpotential of CCW-700 (111 mV) is higher than that of the widely studied Pt/C (73 mV) but still lower than those of lots of carbon-based nanomaterials (122-177 mV). In the light of CCW-700 is highly active for both OER and HER, we assembled a water-splitting electrocatalyst by employing nickel foam loaded with CCW-700 as the anode and cathode in 1 M KOH. The water-splitting voltage is only 1.