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A general paediatrician with research expertise in SDM discusses the individual and system level challenges and rewards of using SDM in her clinical practice. Based on the viewpoints presented, we offer pragmatic recommendations for using SDM in paediatric clinical practice. © 2020 Paediatrics and Child Health Division (The Royal Australasian College of Physicians).Streptococcus mutans is a major etiologic agent of dental caries, which is the most common chronic infectious disease worldwide. S. mutans is particularly adept at causing caries due to its exceptional capacity to form biofilms and its ability to survive acidic conditions that arrest acid production and growth in many more benign members of the oral microbiota. Two mechanisms utilized by S. mutans to tolerate acid are modulation of the membrane fatty acid content and utilization of the F1 F0 -ATPase to pump protons out of the cytosol. In this study, the role of the spxA2 transcriptional regulator in these two pathways, and overall cell envelope homeostasis, was examined. Loss of spxA2 resulted in an increase in the proportion of saturated fatty acids in the S. mutans membrane and altered transcription of several genes involved in the production of these membrane fatty acids, including fabT and fabM. Furthermore, activity of the F1 F0 -ATPase was increased in the ∆spxA2 strain. Transcription of spxA2 was elevated in the presence of a variety of membrane stressors, and highly dependent on the liaR component of the LiaFSR system, which is known to sense cell envelope stress in many Gram-positive bacteria. Finally, deletion of ∆spxA2 led to altered susceptibility of S. mutans to membrane stressors. Overall, the results of this study indicate that spxA2 serves a crucial role in transmitting the signal of cell wall/membrane damage from the LiaFSR sensor to downstream effectors in the SpxA2 regulon which restore and maintain membrane and cell wall homeostasis. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To examine the level of self-care behaviours among patients with diabetic foot ulcers and identify factors related to their self-care behaviours. BACKGROUND This study focused on the self-care behaviours of patients diagnosed with diabetic foot ulcers, a complication of diabetes. DESIGN A cross-sectional study design was adopted. METHODS From July-August 2018, 131 outpatients and inpatients with diabetic foot ulcers were given a survey questionnaire regarding self-care behaviours and expected related factors at two Korean hospitals. In this study, self-care behaviours were diabetes management and diabetic foot care. Demographic, disease-related and laboratory characteristics were collected. The data were analysed in terms of descriptive statistics, a t test, ANOVA, Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise multiple regression. STROBE checklist was used as the guideline for this study. RESULTS Moderate levels of self-care behaviours were found. The stepwise multiple regression analysisommended to promote the self-care behaviours of patients with diabetic foot ulcers. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.AIM To assess self-reported clinical competence and the need for further training among newly graduated registered nurses (NGRNs) working in Swedish acute care hospital settings. BACKGROUND NGRNs are expected to take full responsibility for patients’ nursing care in an increasingly complex clinical context, and professional nurses’ clinical competence is critical in providing high-quality and safe nursing care. DESIGN A cross-sectional design. METHODS Data were collected using the 50-item ProffNurse SAS II. A total of 85 NGRNs who had recently commenced working with direct patient care at three hospitals in central Sweden participated in the study. The response rate was 69%. The STROBE cross-sectional reporting guidelines were used. RESULTS The NGRNs assessed their clinical competence as being highest in areas relating to team collaboration and ethics and lowest in areas relating to professional development and direct clinical practice. The need for further training was greatest in areas such as direct clinical practice and patient safety and lowest in areas such as team collaborating and ethics. CONCLUSION The use of instruments to identify NGRNs’ self-assessed clinical competence is of value when designing and evaluating introductory programmes for NGRNs taking on positions in acute care hospital settings. The availability of experienced nurses from whom NGRNs can gain clinical competence and learn from is of importance, both from the perspective of the NGRNs themselves and patient safety. RELEVANCE TO CLINICAL PRACTICE An understanding of NGRNs’ clinical competence and their need for further training may assist in both planning and organising nursing programmes and in making clinical policy decisions when designing introduction programmes in acute care settings. © 2020 The Authors. selleck chemicals Journal of Clinical Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.With the rapid development of nanotechnology, nanomaterials are now being used for cancer treatment. Although studies on the application of silver nanoparticles in cancer treatment are burgeoning, few studies have investigated the toxicology mechanisms of autophagy in cancer cells under exposure to sublethal silver nanoparticles. Here, we clarified the distinct mechanisms of silver nanoparticles for the regulation of autophagy in prostate cancer PC-3 cells under sublethal exposure. Silver nanoparticle treatment caused lysosome injury, including the decline of lysosomal membrane integrity, decrease of lysosomal quantity, and attenuation of lysosomal protease activity, which resulted in blockage of autophagic flux. In addition, sublethal silver nanoparticle exposure activated AMP-activated protein kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin-dependent signaling pathway to modulate autophagy, which resulted from silver nanoparticles-induced cell hypoxia and energy deficiency. Taken together, the results show that silver nanoparticles could regulate autophagy via lysosome injury and cell hypoxia in PC-3 cells under sublethal dose exposure. This study will provide an experimental basis for the cancer therapy of nanomaterials. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.