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Postoperative nutritional therapy is of paramount importance for patients undergoing esophagectomy. The jejunostomy and nasoenteral tube are the popular routes for nutritional therapy. However, which one is the preferred route is unclear. This study aims to analyze the differences in safety and efficacy of the two routes for nutritional therapy.

PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE (till September 17, 2020) were searched. The primary outcome was postoperative pneumonia. Secondary outcomes were the length of hospital stays (LOS), bowel obstruction, catheter dislocation, anastomotic leakage, overall postoperative complications, and postoperative albumin. Weighted mean differences (WMD) and odds ratios (OR) were calculated for statistical analysis.

Ten studies involving a total of 1,531 patients in the jejunostomy group and 1,375 patients in the nasoenteral tube group were included. Compared with patients in the nasoenteral tube group, those in the jejunostomy group had a lower incidence of postoperative pneumonia (OR=0.68, P < 0.001), shorter LOS (WMD=-0.85, P < 0.001), and lower risk of catheter dislocation (OR=0.15, P=0.001). There were no significant differences in the incidence of anastomotic leakage (OR=0.84, P=0.43), overall postoperative complications (OR=0.87, P=0.59), and postoperative albumin (WMD=-0.40, P=0.24). However, patients in the jejunostomy group had a higher risk of bowel obstruction (OR=8.42, P=0.002).

Jejunostomy for enteral nutrition showed superior outcomes in terms of postoperative pneumonia, LOS, and catheter dislocation. Jejunostomy may be the preferred enteral nutritional route following esophagectomy.

Jejunostomy for enteral nutrition showed superior outcomes in terms of postoperative pneumonia, LOS, and catheter dislocation. Jejunostomy may be the preferred enteral nutritional route following esophagectomy.

Conventional models of hypertrophic preconditioning (C-HP) can be established surgically through transverse aortic constriction (TAC) → deconstriction (De-TAC) → reconstriction (Re-TAC) characterized by dynamic afterload while it exerts technical difficulty on operators and poses high mortality during perioperative period in mice. We aimed to introduce an optimized method for obtaining a hypertrophic preconditioning (O-HP) model for further study on cardiac hypertrophy.

Ninety mice were divided into four groups sham, TAC, C-HP, and O-HP. The sham group was exerted on three-time thoracotomies. The TAC group experienced twice thoracotomies and one TAC operation. C-HP and O-HP groups were given TAC, De-TAC, and Re-TAC operation at day 0, day 3, and day 7 in conventional and optimized method, respectively. Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor We optimized the operating procedure in O-HP mice compared with the C-HP group by (1) leaving a ∼3-cm suture fixed in the subcutaneous layer after aortic constriction in TAC surgery (2) using two small forct failure.

Our results provide a rapid, safe, efficient, and reproducible method for optimized establishment of the HP model, which will facilitate studies for early intervention and prevention of left ventricular hypertrophy and heart failure.

Unidirectional studies suggest that the effects between cardiovascular disease, depressive symptoms and loneliness are reciprocal, but this has not been tested empirically. The aim was to study how cardiovascular morbidity, depressive symptoms and loneliness influence each other longitudinally.

Data from 2979 older adults from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam were analysed. Depressive symptoms (≥16 points on the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale), loneliness (≥3 points on the De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale) and cardiovascular morbidity were measured five times during 13-year follow-up. With structural equation modelling, a full cross-lagged panel model was compared to nine nested models reflecting different sets of temporal effects.

The best-fitting cross-lagged panel model showed reciprocal risk increasing effects between depressive symptoms and loneliness and a risk increasing effect of cardiovascular morbidity on depressive symptoms.

A cross-lagged panel model has technical limitations, such as that the chosen time lag may not be appropriate for each effect. In addition, differential loss to follow-up and collider bias may have led to an underestimation of the effects.

Reciprocal effects tend to occur only between depressive symptoms and loneliness. Their interplay with cardiovascular morbidity seems more complex and mostly indirect, highlighting the potential of interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, loneliness and cardiovascular morbidity in concert to improve health at old age.

Reciprocal effects tend to occur only between depressive symptoms and loneliness. Their interplay with cardiovascular morbidity seems more complex and mostly indirect, highlighting the potential of interventions to reduce depressive symptoms, loneliness and cardiovascular morbidity in concert to improve health at old age.When studying recurrence of depression, researchers should pay attention to cases where physicians’ assessment corresponds to the patients’ perception. However, they should also focus on potential signs of recurrence when the recurrence is suspected by the physicians but not the patients (false-negative zeros). Because false negatives can delay diagnosis and treatment, we aimed to investigate “sitting idly” as a predictor influencing no alert sign of recurrence and estimated the counts of recurrence of depression. A smartphone application and a wearable device were used to collect lifelog data from 89 remitted depressive patients over one year. Recurrent depression was defined using the Japanese version of the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 scores. Estimates of the population-averaged parameters indicated that daily hours of sitting idly increased the chances of recurrent depression occurring two to four weeks later. Exposure to daily ultraviolet light reduced depression relapse. Although long sleep was a determinant of zero outcome of the recurrence of depression after two to four weeks, daily hours of sitting idly can negate it. Thus, daily hours of sitting idly could reduce overdispersion of the recurrence of depression, and we could measure recurrent depression accurately by considering changes in sitting idly.