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Magnification devices improve direct and indirect vision and precision being significantly higher in microscope use compared to the loupes. Dental loupes are the most commonly used devices for magnification, due to the more affordable prices and the ease of use without major changes in the working protocol and ergonomics. Loupes primary benefits reported refers to ergonomics and posture, restoration evaluation/detection and overall treatment quality. There are some disadvantages that limit the use of loupes among dentists lack of fixed position (fine movements of the dentist’s head disturb the image of the magnified operating field); the need to change the loupes to achieve different magnification. On the contrary, the use of a dental microscope require minimum adjustment and effort so as to reduce postural deviation while working. It has been more than 30 years since dental practitioners raised the issue of using dental operating microscopes (DOM) in restorative dentistry, identifying the benefits of magnification in diagnosis and treatment steps. The growth is evident in recent years, maybe because of the familiarity of dentists with dental microscopes which have already become implicit endowment for endodontic specialists. Fiber optic lighting is the key factor that complements the magnification offered by the microscope so that treatments can now be performed under increased safety conditions and in conditions of significantly higher quality than in the past. Since the beginning of the 2000s the principles of minimally invasive dentistry have been widely promoted in dentistry. These principles are major impetus for the use of microscope by dentists. Working with magnification leads dentists to be more conservative with dental tissues.Heart failure (HF) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) are syndromes that affect a large proportion of the world population. MetS is known to be one of the risk factors of HF, and it can also act as comorbidity in HF. This review aims to further discuss the mechanism of MetS in causing HF, the management of MetS in order to prevent HF, and the management of MetS in HF patients. Visceral adiposity is the primary trigger of MetS which is followed by chronic inflammation, insulin resistance, and neurohormonal activation. All the mechanisms causing MetS play also an important role in the progression of HF. Aticaprant research buy The MetS approach can be achieved by managing its components according to the current guidelines and careful management of MetS should be done in patients with HF. MetS is closely related to the progression of HF so that comprehensive management which involves a multidisciplinary team is necessary for managing patients with metabolic syndrome and heart failure.

Atrophic gastritis is a precancerous gastric lesion, therefore its early detection is a priority in preventing gastric cancer. The aim of the present paper is to develop a narrative synthesis of the present knowledge on diagnostic methods of chronic atrophic gastritis.

A literature search was carried out on main databases PubMed, Hinari, SpringerLink and Scopus (Elsevier) for the period 2000-2020. The searched keywords were chronic atrophic gastritis, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia + diagnosis. Inclusion criteria were focused on the articles about the invasive and non-invasive diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis and of precancerous gastric lesions, intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia; exclusion criteria were articles published before 2000 and those that did not include the proposed theme.

The search returned 575 papers addressing the topic of precancerous lesions. From these, 60 articles were qualified representative for the materials published on the topic of this synthesis article, being those that met the inclusion criteria. The data emphasize the need to use upper digestive endoscopy with biopsies for the diagnosis of chronic atrophic gastritis. However serological diagnosis is available as alternative mainly recommended in follow up.

There are two main methodological approaches for the evaluation of chronic atrophic gastritis as a precancerous gastric lesions invasive examination, which requires histological analysis of biopsy samples taken during upper digestive endoscopy, being the “gold standard” for diagnosis, and non-invasive serological examination using markers of gastric function.

There are two main methodological approaches for the evaluation of chronic atrophic gastritis as a precancerous gastric lesions invasive examination, which requires histological analysis of biopsy samples taken during upper digestive endoscopy, being the “gold standard” for diagnosis, and non-invasive serological examination using markers of gastric function.Nutrient reference values are important parameters that guide nutrition and public health work globally. Micronutrient requirements during the peri-conception period are generally increased, which is essential in ensuring maternal, fetal, and neonatal health. Nevertheless, the current dietary reference intakes (DRIs) may be limited in terms of the methods used and the populations included, particularly the DRIs for pregnancy and lactation. In this proposed review, we will examine the methods (rigor of design, utilization of molecular methods, and presence of modern methods) and the population (inclusion of women, and in particular, pregnant and lactating people) in the studies used to inform the current DRIs. We will apply meta-science methods to this review, which involves formally reviewing the current evidence, and identifying opportunities to improve how we fund, perform, evaluate, and incorporate nutrition science into public health programs for better outcomes.An improved understanding of in situ mineralization in the presence of dissolved arsenic and both ferrous and ferric iron is necessary because it is an important geochemical process in the fate and transformation of arsenic and iron in groundwater systems. This work aimed at evaluating mineral phases that could form and the related transformation of arsenic species during coprecipitation. We conducted batch tests to precipitate ferrous (133 mM) and ferric (133 mM) ions in sulfate (533 mM) solutions spiked with As (0-100 mM As(V) or As(III)) and titrated with solid NaOH (400 mM). Goethite and lepidocrocite were formed at 0.5-5 mM As(V) or As(III). Only lepidocrocite formed at 10 mM As(III). Only goethite formed in the absence of added As(V) or As(III). Iron (II, III) hydroxysulfate green rust (sulfate green rust or SGR) was formed at 50 mM As(III) at an equilibrium pH of 6.34. X-ray analysis indicated that amorphous solid products were formed at 10-100 mM As(V) or 100 mM As(III). The batch tests showed that As removal ranged from 98.