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004) were risk factors associated with CDI. In conclusions, CDI complicates COVID-19, mainly in patients with co-morbidities and previous healthcare exposures. Its association with antibiotic usage and hospital acquired bacterial infections should lead to strengthen antimicrobial stewardship programmes and infection prevention and control activities.The vibrational characteristics of gas hydrates are key identifying molecular features of their structure and chemical composition. Density functional theory (DFT)-based IR spectra are one of the efficient tools that can be used to distinguish the vibrational signatures of gas hydrates. In this work, ab initio DFT-based IR technique is applied to analyze the vibrational and mechanical features of structure-H (sH) gas hydrate. IR spectra of different sH hydrates are obtained at 0 K at equilibrium and under applied pressure. Information about the main vibrational modes of sH hydrates and the factors that affect them such as guest type and pressure are revealed. The obtained IR spectra of sH gas hydrates agree with experimental/computational literature values. Hydrogen bond’s vibrational frequencies are used to determine the hydrate’s Young’s modulus which confirms the role of these bonds in defining sH hydrate’s elasticity. Vibrational frequencies depend on pressure and hydrate’s O···O interatomic distance. OH vibrational frequency shifts are related to the OH covalent bond length and present an indication of sH hydrate’s hydrogen bond strength. This work presents a new route to determine mechanical properties for sH hydrate based on IR spectra and contributes to the relatively small database of gas hydrates’ physical and vibrational properties.Methylxanthines are a group of substances derived from the purine base xanthine with a methyl group at the nitrogen on position 3 and different residues at the nitrogen on position 1 and 7. They are widely consumed in nutrition and used as pharmaceuticals. Here we investigate the transcriptional regulation of 83 genes linked to Alzheimer’s disease in the presence of five methylxanthines, including the most prominent naturally occurring methylxanthines-caffeine, theophylline and theobromine-and the synthetic methylxanthines pentoxifylline and propentofylline. Methylxanthine-regulated genes were found in pathways involved in processes including oxidative stress, lipid homeostasis, signal transduction, transcriptional regulation, as well as pathways involved in neuronal function. Interestingly, multivariate analysis revealed different or inverse effects on gene regulation for caffeine compared to the other methylxanthines, which was further substantiated by multiple comparison analysis, pointing out a distinct role for caffeine in gene regulation. Our results not only underline the beneficial effects of methylxanthines in the regulation of genes in neuroblastoma wild-type cells linked to neurodegenerative diseases in general, but also demonstrate that individual methylxanthines like caffeine mediate unique or inverse expression patterns. This suggests that the replacement of single methylxanthines by others could result in unexpected effects, which could not be anticipated by the comparison to other substances in this substance class.Septic pulmonary embolism (SPE) is a rare yet serious infectious disorder with nonspecific clinical findings due to microorganism-containing emboli disseminating from extrapulmonary infectious foci. It is unknown whether a positive blood culture correlates with a worse clinical outcome. We compared the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of patients with SPE divided into the culture-positive group and the culture-negative one. This study was a retrospective observational study of the patients diagnosed with SPE and treated in an academic hospital from April 2010 to May 2020. We identified six culture-positive and four culture-negative patients with SPE during the study period. The culture-positive group had significantly longer periods of hospitalization (median 75 days, range 45-125 days) than the culture-negative group (median 14.5 days, range 3-43 days) (p less then 0.05), as well as significantly elevated serum C-reactive protein and procalcitonin. Patients with culture-negative SPE more commonly had odontogenic infections as the primary infectious foci. Our study highlights the importance of giving extra attention to SPE patients who have a positive blood culture, as they may have worse clinical outcomes. Physicians need to collaborate with dentists when faced with patients with culture-negative SPE, since they may have primary odontogenic infections.Water is a critical nutrient that is important for the maintenance of the physiological function of the human body. This article aimed to investigate the effects of the amount and frequency of fluid intake on cognitive performance and mood. A double-blinded randomized controlled trial was designed and implemented on college students aged 18-23 years in Baoding, China. Participants were randomly assigned into one of three groups the recommended behavior group (RB group) who drank 200 mL of water every 2 h, the half amount group (HA group) who drank 100 mL of water every 2 h, and the high frequency group (HF group) who drank 110 mL of water every 1 h. The intervention lasted 2 days. Urine osmolality, cognitive performance, and mood of participants in each group were compared using the one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). ARRY-438162 A total of 92 participants (46 females, 46 males) completed this study with a completion rate of 95.8%. The urine osmolality of the HA group was higher than that of the RB group and the HF grod intake behavior may be beneficial to improve the hydration status and mood of young adults. More research is needed, especially experimental research, to allow causal conclusions to be drawn.A novel strategy to improve the success of soft and hard tissue integration of titanium implants is the use of nanoparticles coatings made from basically any type of biocompatible substance, which can advantageously enhance the properties of the material, as compared to its similar bulk material. So, most of the physical methods approaches involve the compaction of nanoparticles versus micron-level particles to yield surfaces with nanoscale grain boundaries, simultaneously preserving the chemistry of the surface among different topographies. At the same time, nanoparticles have been known as one of the most effective antibacterial agents and can be used as effective growth inhibitors of various microorganisms as an alternative to antibiotics. In this paper, based on literature research, we present a comprehensive review of the mechanical, physical, and chemical methods for creating nano-structured titanium surfaces along with the main nanoparticles used for the surface modification of titanium implants, the fabrication methods, their main features, and the purpose of use.