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(P ≤ 0.000). Extraction of ETT was 25% more likely (HR 0.25; CI 0.231-0.277) when the final coronal restoration was placed 15-59 days after completion of RCT and 73% more likely (HR 0.73; CI 0.655-0.814) when placed after 60 days than when placed at 0-14 days. Conclusion Timely placement of the final coronal restoration is found to be the most critical factor affecting the long-term survival of teeth after RCT. © 2020 Sadaf.Hereditary transthyretin amyloidosis (hATTR) with polyneuropathy (formerly known as Familial Amyloid Polyneuropathy) is a rare disease due to mutations in the gene encoding transthyretin (TTR) and characterized by multisystem extracellular deposition of amyloid, leading to dysfunction of different organs and tissues. hATTR amyloidosis represents a diagnostic challenge for neurologists considering the great variability in clinical presentation and multiorgan involvement. Generally, patients present with polyneuropathy, but clinicians should consider the frequent cardiac, ocular and renal impairment. Especially a hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, even if usually latent, is identifiable in at least 50% of the patients. Therapeutically, current available options act at different stages of TTR production, including synthesis inhibition (liver transplantation and/or gene-silencing drugs) or tetramer TTR stabilization (TTR stabilizers), increasing survival at different disease stages. © 2020 Luigetti et al.Objective This study aims to investigate the effects of trans-cricothyroid membrane injection of local anesthesia on cough response and postoperative sore throat to the nasotracheal tube. Methods Patients who require general anesthesia with nasotracheal tube for oral and maxillofacial surgery were randomised divided into groups L and C. The patients in group L received trans-cricothyroid membrane injection of 2% lidocaine (3 mL) before anesthesia. Meanwhile, the same volume of 0.9% saline was administered to group C. The incidences of cough response, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) were recorded during emergency from general anesthesia. Postoperative sore throat (POST) was assessed at 1, 6, 12 and 24 h after surgery. Results The data of 60 patients in group L and 61 in group C were included in this study. The incidence of cough was lower in group L than in group C, ie, 41.7% vs 67.2% upon extubation (P=0.006) and 20.0% vs 41.0% at five minutes after extubation (P=0.018). MAP and HR in group L were significantly lower than in group C during emergency from general anesthesia (P less then 0.05). POST incidence was significantly reduced in group L at 1 and 6 h after surgery, ie, 35.0% vs 55.7% at 1 h after surgery (P=0.029) and 20.0% vs 37.7% at 6 h after surgery (P=0.044). Conclusion Trans-cricothyroid membrane injection of local anesthesia is a simple and effective method to attenuate the incidence of cough response during emergency from general anesthesia. This technique can reduce the incidence of POST after surgery. © 2020 Huang et al.Background The incidence and prognosis of coronary slow-flow (CSF) and no-reflow phenomenon (NRP) in patients with coronary chronic total occlusion (CTO) who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. Methods This single-center prospective study aimed to investigate the incidence of CSF/NRP during CTO interventional therapy, determine predictors of CSF/NRP, and evaluate its effect on patient outcomes. Results In this study, 552 patients with CTO who underwent PCI were included. CSF/NRP occurred in 16.1% of them. They had higher incidences of diabetes mellitus (53.9% vs 36.3%, p=0.002) and hypertension (50.6% vs 37.1%, p=0.018) and a lower incidence of retrograde filling grade >2 (34.8% vs 47.1%, p=0.036). Patients with CSF/NRP had a higher neutrophil ratio (55.6±19.4 vs 52.4±18.3, p=0.038) and levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL; 3.0±0.8 vs 2.8±0.6, p=0.029), fasting glucose (FG; 8.3±1.3 vs 6.8±1.1, p=0.005), uric acid (332.6±82.9 vs 308.2±62.8, p=0.045), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (Hs-CRP; 9.8±4.8 vs 7.3±3.9, p=0.036). A multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed that diabetes mellitus (odds ratio [OR], 1.962; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.198-2.721; p=0.042), mean platelet volume (MPV; OR,1.284; 95% CI, 1.108-1.895; p=0.046), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C; OR, 1.383; 95% CI, 1.105-2.491; p=0.036), FG (OR, 2.095; 95% CI, 1.495-2.899; p=0.018), Hs-CRP(OR, 2.218; 95% CI, 1.556-3.519; p=0.029), and retrograde filling of grade >2 (OR, 0.822; 95% CI, 0.622-0.907; p=0.037) were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed that the patients in the CSF/NRP group had a significantly lower cumulative major cardiac and cerebrovascular events (MACCE)-free survival than those in the non-CSF/NRP group (p2 were independent predictors of CSF/NRP in CTO patients who underwent PCI. Thus, they can be used for risk stratification. © 2020 Wang et al.Schizophrenia is frequently a chronic and disabling disorder, characterized by heterogeneous positive and negative symptom constellations. The objective of this review was to provide information that may be useful for clinicians treating patients with negative symptoms of schizophrenia. Negative symptoms are a core component of schizophrenia that account for a large part of the long-term disability and poor functional outcomes in patients with the disorder. The term negative symptoms describes a lessening or absence of normal behaviors and functions related to motivation and interest, or verbal/emotional expression. The negative symptom domain consists of five key constructs blunted affect, alogia (reduction in quantity of words spoken), avolition (reduced goal-directed activity due to decreased motivation), asociality, and anhedonia (reduced experience of pleasure). Negative symptoms are common in schizophrenia; up to 60% of patients may have prominent clinically relevant negative symptoms that require treatphrenia, and new and effective treatments are urgently needed. © 2020 Correll and Schooler.Objective Behavioral and psychological symptoms of dementia (BPSD) are associated with poorer prognosis of dementia. A 24-week study demonstrated that sodium benzoate, a D-amino acid oxidase (DAAO) inhibitor, surpassed placebo in improving cognitive function in early-phase Alzheimer’s disease; however, benzoate did not excel placebo in another 6-week study on BPSD. NT157 The current study examined whether the precision medicine approach was able to identify specific individuals with BPSD who could benefit from benzoate treatment. Methods In the randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trial, 97 patients with BPSD were allocated to receive 250-1500 mg/day of sodium benzoate or placebo. Cognitive function was measured by the Alzheimer’s disease assessment scale-cognitive subscale (ADAS-cog) and behavioral and psychological symptoms were mainly measured by Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer’s Disease Rating Scale (BEHAVE-AD). DAAO level, amino acids (L-serine, D-serine, L-alanine, and D-alanine, glycine), and two antioxidants (catalase, superoxide dismutase) were assayed in peripheral blood.