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gulatory role in the formation of axillary meristem. AtMYB2 is mainly expressed in the leaf axils as that of RAX1. The environmental stresses can increase the expression of AtMYB2 protein which further inhibits the expression of RAX1 gene by binding to its promoter. Therefore, AtMYB2 protein represses the formation of axillary meristems in response to environmental stresses so that plants can undergo a shorter vegetative development stage under environmental stresses.

To evaluate the performance of mesh-augmented repair of anterior pelvic organ prolapse (POP) with or without apical vaginal wall involvement in women with recurrent or complex prolapse.

This multicenter cohort study included women undergoing surgery with Calistar S (Promedon, Argentina) for anterior POP between 2016 and 2018. The SCENIHR opinion was considered for patient selection, surgeon’s experience and choice of implant. Patients were prospectively invited to assess effectiveness and safety by anamnesis, validated questionnaires and pelvic examination. A composite endpoint defined by POP-Q ≤ 1, absence of a vaginal bulge symptom and repeated surgery for POP was used to define treatment success. Descriptive statistics were applied. McNemar or Wilcoxon signed rank tests were used as paired samples tests. The significance level was set at 5%.

A total of 107 non-fertilewomen with a mean age of 70.6years were enrolled. Ninety-three (86.9%) women presented with recurrent prolapse. The mean follow-up time was 18.5months. Treatmentsuccess was achieved in 76% of casesaccording the composite endpoint, with 98% reaching POP-Q ≤ 1 and a significant improvement in quality of life (p < 0.001). Mesh exposure occurred in six (5.6%) patients, although none required further surgery. Four (3.7%) patients reported dyspareunia, and a single (0.9%) patient displayed a prominence due to mesh folding.

Mesh-augmented repair of anterior POP is effective and safe in women with recurrent or complex prolapse. Hence, in a select patient population, the benefits of mesh-augmented POP repair still outweigh the risks.

Mesh-augmented repair of anterior POP is effective and safe in women with recurrent or complex prolapse. Hence, in a select patient population, the benefits of mesh-augmented POP repair still outweigh the risks.Teleost fish have a remarkable capacity to maintain ion homeostasis against diffusion gradients in hypo-ionic freshwater. In adult teleosts the gills are the primary site for ion uptake; however, in larvae, the gills are underdeveloped, and as ion-regulation is primarily cutaneous, branchial mechanisms of plasticity are not yet available. In larval rainbow trout, the gills become the primary site for Na+ uptake at ~ 15 days post hatch (dph). To address how Na+ uptake develops in response to differences in water [Na+], the present study characterised the ontogeny of Na+ uptake in rainbow trout larvae, at a time when ion regulation transitions from being a primarily cutaneous to a primarily branchial process. Results indicate that initially (0-15 dph), when ion-regulation is cutaneous, low-[Na+] reared larvae had a higher Na+ affinity (lower Km) compared to the high-[Na+] treatment. In addition, larvae reared in low-[Na+] water had a lower internal Na+ content, despite similar Na+-uptake rates ([Formula see text]) across treatments. But, once the gills became the dominant site for ion-regulation (> 15 dph), larvae in all treatments maintained the same Na+ content, despite large differences in [Formula see text], indicating plasticity in those mechanisms that control Na+ efflux ([Formula see text]). The mechanisms of Na+ uptake in larval rainbow trout showed plasticity during all stages of development. However, in young larvae that relied on cutaneous Na+ uptake, the internal Na+ content was significantly affected by the [Na+] in the water, perhaps revealing challenges to ion homeostasis and a period of heightened vulnerability to external stressors during early larval development.Pink salmon hatch in fresh water, but their highly anadromous life history requires them to migrate into the ocean immediately after gravel-emergence, at a very small size. During their down-river migration these larvae undergo rapid smoltification that completely remodels their osmoregulatory physiology. At this time, the larvae reportedly have high whole-body Na+ contents and we hypothesised that the active accumulation of internal Na+ occurs in preparation for ocean entry. Using a comparative approach, the present study characterised the ontogeny of Na+ regulation in larvae of the anadromous pink salmon and the fresh-water rainbow trout. Glucagon Receptor peptide Our results indicate that larvae from both species actively accumulated Na+; however, whole-body Na+ content was higher in rainbow trout larvae compared to pink salmon. The time-course of this response was similar in the two species, with highest Na+-uptake rates ([Formula see text]) shortly after yolk sac absorption, but the mechanism of Na+ accumulation differed between the species. Rainbow trout larvae greatly increased [Formula see text] to overcompensate for a large simultaneous increase in Na+-efflux rate ([Formula see text]), whereas pink salmon mounted a smaller increase in [Formula see text] while maintaining tight control over [Formula see text], which is supported by a significantly lower paracellular permeability. Our results indicate that the transient accumulation of internal Na+ is not a unique feature of the highly anadromous life history in pink salmon and may be a common ontogenetic pattern during larval development in salmonids; and perhaps it is associated with the development of the cardiovascular system during the larvae’s transition to a more active lifestyle.We usually refer to the critical period for intestinal flora establishment as infancy because the infant gut microbiota is characterized by low diversity and poor stability compared with that of adults. Moreover, it is also vulnerable to interference from a variety of factors. As β-lactam antibiotics are typically used in newborn infants with infectious diseases, we used 16S rDNA sequencing and LC-MS metabolomics to analyze fecal microbes and metabolites in 16 late preterm infants with or without β-lactam antibiotic treatment. The subjects were assigned to two groups one not treated with antibiotics and another receiving β-lactam antibiotic treatment for less than seven days. Significant changes in fecal microbes and metabolites were observed in the late preterm infants treated with antibiotics, including a reduction in the diversity of the gut microbiota overall and some beneficial bacteria such as Bacteroides, whereas some opportunistic pathogenic bacteria such as Enterococcus showed an overgrowth trend. In addition, significant changes in some crucial metabolites were observed, such as amino acids and bile acids.