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esion/operator risk factors were present in almost all ACS patients with ST. This finding may support the search for strictly individualized strategies for the treatment of ACS patients with ST after PCI.Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by ‘Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus-2’ (SARS-CoV-2) infection emerged in Wuhan, a city of China, and spread to the entire planet in early 2020. VX-561 modulator The virus enters the respiratory tract cells and other tissues via ACE2 receptors. Approximately 20% of infected subjects develop severe or critical disease. A cytokine storm leads to over inflammation and thrombotic events. The most common clinical presentation in COVID-19 is pneumonia, typically characterized by bilateral, peripheral, and patchy infiltrations in the lungs. However multi-systemic involvement including peripheral thromboembolic skin lesions, central nervous, gastrointestinal, circulatory, and urinary systems are reported. The disease has a higher mortality compared to other viral agents causing pneumonia and unfortunately, no approved specific therapy, nor vaccine has yet been discovered. Several clinical trials are ongoing with hydroxychloroquine, remdesivir, favipiravir, and low molecular weight heparins. This comprehensive review aimed to summarize coagulation abnormalities reported in COVID-19, discuss the thrombosis, and inflammation-driven background of the disease, emphasize the impact of thrombotic and inflammatory processes on the progression and prognosis of COVID-19, and to provide evidence-based therapeutic guidance, especially from antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory perspectives.

Computed tomography pulmonary angiography (CTPA) is used for the main diagnosis in acute pulmonary embolism (APE). Determining the thrombus location in the pulmonary vascular tree is also important for predicting disease severity. This study aimed to analyze the correlation of the thrombus location and the clot burden with the disease severity and the risk stratification in patients with APE.

The study included patients with APE diagnosed by CTPA who were admitted to the hospital between January 28, 2016, and July 1, 2019. Data collected were markers of severity in APE, including patient demographics, comorbidities, length of hospital stay, pulmonary embolism severity index (PESI) score, modified PESI score, Wells score, risk stratification according to the American Heart Association, systolic blood pressure (SBP), right ventricle diameter to left ventricle diameter ratio, pulmonary arterial pressure, brain natriuretic peptide, troponin, D-dimer, and plasma lactate levels, and vessel location of the thrombus, clot burden score, ratio of the pulmonary artery trunk diameter/aortic diameter, superior vena cava diameter (SVC) by CTPA, and survival. All parameters were analyzed in correlation with clot load and vessel location.

Thrombus vascular location was found to be correlated with risk stratification and negatively correlated with SBP. Simplified Mastora score was correlated with risk stratification, SVC diameter, and D-dimer and negatively correlated with SBP. Occlusion of both the pulmonary artery trunk and any pulmonary artery with thrombus was associated with massive APE.

The level of the occluded vessel on CTPA may provide the ability to risk-stratify, and the clot burden score may be used for assessing both risk stratification and cardiac strain.

The level of the occluded vessel on CTPA may provide the ability to risk-stratify, and the clot burden score may be used for assessing both risk stratification and cardiac strain.

The aim compares the blood gases, vital signs, mechanical ventilation requirement, and length of hospitalization in patients with hypertensive pulmonary edema treated with standard oxygen therapy (SOT) and high-flow oxygen therapy (HFOT).

This prospective observational study was conducted in patients with tachypneic, hypoxemic, hypertensive pulmonary edema. The patients’ 0th, 1st, and 2nd hour blood gas results; 0th, 1st, and 2nd hour vital signs; requirement of endotracheal intubation, length of hospitalization, and the prognosis were recorded on the study form.

A total of 112 patients were included in this study, of whom 50 underwent SOT and 62 received HFOT. The initial blood gas analysis revealed significantly lower levels of pH, PaO2, and SpO2 and significantly higher levels of PaCO2 in the HFOT group. Patients in the HFOT group had significantly higher respiratory rate and pulse rate and significantly lower SpO2 values. The recovery of vital signs was significantly better in the HFOT group (p<0.05). Similarly, follow-up results of arterial blood gas analysis were better in the HFOT group (p<0.05). Both length of stay in the emergency department (p<0.05) and length of intensive care unit hospitalization s significantly shorter in the HFOT group (p<0.05).

HFOT can be much more effective in patients with hypertensive pulmonary edema than SOT as it shortens the length of stay both in the emergency service and in the intensive care unit. HFOT also provides better results in terms of blood gas analysis, heart rate, and respiratory rate in the follow-up period.

HFOT can be much more effective in patients with hypertensive pulmonary edema than SOT as it shortens the length of stay both in the emergency service and in the intensive care unit. HFOT also provides better results in terms of blood gas analysis, heart rate, and respiratory rate in the follow-up period.

Elevated systolic blood pressure (SBP) can significantly increase the bleeding risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). However, it is unclear whether elevated diastolic blood pressure (DBP), in the presence of well-controlled SBP is also associated with bleeding. Therefore, we aimed to examine the specific relationship between DBP and bleeding in patients with AF treated with anticoagulants and had well-controlled SBP.

We analyzed data from 542 of 929 patients with nonvalvular AF (NVAF) treated with dabigatran from the Monitor System for the Safety of Dabigatran Treatment study (MISSION-AF) who had a SBP of 120-140 mm Hg at the time of enrollment. The association between DBP and bleeding was analyzed using multivariate logistic regression and smooth curve fitting (penalized spline method). Threshold saturation effect analysis was used to show the nonlinear relationship between DBP and bleeding.

After 3 months of follow-up, 49 bleeding events occurred. Compared with participants with DBP <80 mm Hg, those with DBP ≥80 mm Hg had a 118% higher bleeding risk [hazard ratio (HR) 2.